End of Concept Questions

Question 1

The principal organ of the urinary system.

Answer 1

Kidney

Question 2

The branch of the abdominal aorta that brings blood into each kidney.

Answer 2

Renal artery

Question 3

Refers to the concentration of solutes.

Answer 3

Blood osmolarity

Question 4

Approximately 95% water.

Answer 4

Urine

Question 5

Involves fluid lost from the lungs and skin.

Answer 5

Insensible fluid loss

Question 6

Likely to have a negative fluid balance

Answer 6

Dehydration

Question 7

Best described as excessive or frequent urination at night.

Answer 7

Nocturia

Question 8

Often the result of decreased pelvic floor muscle tone.

Answer 8

Urgency and stress incontinence in females

Question 9

Involves the movement of substances/solutes/water back to the blood from the filtrate, significantly reducing the filtrate.

Answer 9

Tubular Reabsorption

Question 10

Involves the movement of substances/solutes from the blood into the filtrate, often ‘last minute’ substances.

Answer 10

Tubular secretion

Question 11

Occurs when the volume of urine in the bladder triggers receptors to send a message to the brain, initiating the micturition reflex.

Answer 11

Micturition

Question 12

Straw/amber color, transparent, no sediment/pus/particles, and no distinct odor.

Answer 12

Normal appearance of adult’s urine

Question 13

Normally 20%.

Answer 13

Total blood volume circulating through the kidneys

Question 14

Result in less urine formation and water returning to the blood.

Answer 14

Higher circulating levels of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Question 15

Draws water into the filtrate; sodium causes this water movement.

Answer 15

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

Includes urine, vomit, and diarrhea.

Answer 16

Output recorded on a fluid balance chart

Question 17

Infants and young children produce larger quantities of urine output and cannot concentrate urine effectively, leading to decreased urine concentration.

Answer 17

Child’s urine concentration vs. adult’s