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Year 4 - MFE > End of block assessment > Flashcards

End of block assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Drug causes of hyponatraemia

A 
SSRIs
PPIs
Loop and thiazide diuretics 
ACEI 
NSAIDs
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2
Q

what drugs can be associated with complete heart block

A

B blockers
digoxin
CCB
(antiarrhythmics)

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3
Q

What proportion of people with parkinsons have a slow shuffling gait with forward stoop

A

about a third

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4
Q

when is a high steppage gait seen

A

in patients with foot drop

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5
Q

What gait is seen in patients with stroke

A

hemiplegic gait where the steps are slower and the leg is dragged in an arc

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6
Q

what is the cause of an antalgic gait

A

pain

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7
Q

Cerebellar disease has increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, true or false

A

False

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8
Q

In cerebellar disease, Rhombergs test is positive, true or false

A

false, it is positive in sensory ataxia

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9
Q

What is acute brain injury

A

non-degenerative injury to the brain resulting from trauma, stroke, hypoxia, metabolic conditions, tumour

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10
Q

the gold standard method for diagnosing dementia is the MMSE, true or false

A

false

It requires a good history as well as examination

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11
Q

a score of <10/30 is severe impairment in the MMSE, true or false

A

true

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12
Q

Delirium is associated with increased mortality, true or false

A

true

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13
Q

what can precipitate acute urinary retention

A

constipation - from impaction of stool on the bladder outflow tract
infection - inflammation and narrowing if urinary tract
medications - anticholinergics

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14
Q

symptoms of urinary retention

A 
anuria
urinary frequency 
urge incontinence
delirium 
palpable bladder
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15
Q

what investigation can you do for urinary retention

A

post void bladder scan USS can confirm larger residual volumes

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16
Q

management of acute urinary retention

A

catheterisation

17
Q

leucocytes, protein and blood from a catheter sample is indicative of infection, true or false

A

false

could be from irritation by the catheter, patient must have symptoms corresponding to a UTI

18
Q

risk factors for fractures in the elderly

A 
smoking 
osteoporosis 
steroids
calcium and vit D deficiency 
previous fall 
older age 
sex hormone deficiency
19
Q

palliative care is only for patients with a diagnosis of cancer, true or false

A

false

patients can be referred for cancer, organ failure, chronic pain

20
Q

In AF, what do B blockers and digoxin control

A

ventricular rate

21
Q

how can amlodipine, perindopril and tamsulosin cause hypotension

A

through vasodilatation

22
Q

Topical B blockers can have systemic side effects, true or false

A

true

23
Q

How does digoxin cause hypotension

A

AV node blockade causes bradycardia and hypotension

24
Q

List drugs that can cause a tremor

A 
salbutamol 
lithium 
sodium valproate
cyclosporin 
caffeine
25
Q

what is refeeding syndrome

A

fatal condition with hypophosphataemia/kalaemia/magnesaemia and arrhythmias
occurs after feeding a malnourished patient with a high protein calorie intake

26
Q

A MUST score of ??? requires referral to a dietician

A

MUST >2

27
Q

criteria for diagnosing postural hypotension

A 
SBP drop >20 
DBP drop >10 
taken after: 
5 min flat 
1 min standing 
3 min standing
28
Q

How do PPIs work

A

inhibit gastric acid secretion through the H/K ATPase in gastric parietal cells

29
Q

side effects of PPIs

A 
hyponatraemia 
decreased gastric acidity 
increased C.diff risk 
alopecia
osteoporosis
30
Q

side effects of corticosteroids

A 
weight gain 
thin skin 
osteoporosis 
myopathy 
thrush 
delirium / psychosis 
hypokalaemia 
insulin resistance / DM
dyspepsia 
fluid retention 
adrenal suppression
31
Q

NSAID side effects

A

renal impairment
PUD and GI bleeding
fluid retention

32
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A 
low BMI 
vit D and calcium deficiency 
female 
prolonged corticosteroid use 
FH
33
Q

what treatments can reduce fracture risk

A

bisphosphonates

Vit D + Calcium (but not alone)

34
Q

which patients have a waddling gait

A

those with proximal myopathy in the pelvic girdle

Year 4 - MFE (8 decks)

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