Encyclopedia of Counseling Flashcards
psychosocial
Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson’s stages are this.
believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior.
In Freud’s psychodynamic theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists is this.
Erik Erikson.
The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire life span was
Sigmund Freud, who created psychodynamic theory.
The statement “the ego is dependent on the id” would most likely reflect the work of
sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations.
Jean Piaget’s idiographic approach created his theory with four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to stage 4 is
his findings were often derived from observing his own children.
Some behavioral scientists have been critical of Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as
conservation.
A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicates that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered
volume or mass.
In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to
concrete operations—ages 7–11 years.
A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as
Lawrence Kohlberg
________ expanded on Piaget’s conceptualization of moral development.
one can undo an action, hence an object (say a glass of water) can return to its initial shape.
According to Jean Piaget, a child masters the concept of reversibility in the third stage, known as concrete operations or concrete operational thought. This notion suggests
egocentrism.
During a thunderstorm, a 6-year-old child in Piaget’s stage of preoperational thought (stage 2) says, “The rain is following me.” This is an example of
three levels of morality.
Lawrence Kohlberg suggested this
a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered.
The Heinz dilemma is to Kohlberg’s theory as
Erikson.
The term identity crisis comes from the work of
preconventional, conventional, postconventional.
Kohlberg’s three levels of morality are
Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development.
Trust versus mistrust is
integrity versus despair.
A person who has successfully mastered Erikson’s first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson’s final or eighth stage,
consequences.
In Kohlberg’s first or preconventional level, the individual’s moral behavior is guided by
a desire to live up to society’s expectations; and
a desire to conform.
.
Kohlberg’s second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by
must truly contend with psychosexual urges; and
has the so-called “good boy/good girl” orientation.
Kohlberg’s highest level of morality is termed post-conventional morality. Here the individual
This is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, level 3, which is post-conventional or self-accepted moral principles,
was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky.
The zone of proximal development
could be classified as maturationists.
Freud and Erikson
bonding and attachment.
John Bowlby, the British psychiatrist, is most closely associated with
Generativity versus stagnation.
In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur?
Harry Harlow.
The researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is
true according to research by Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin.
The statement: “Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations” is
intimacy versus isolation—ages 23–34 years.
The Eriksonian stage that focuses heavily on sharing your life with another person is
A 13-year-old male middle school student.
We often refer to individuals as conformists. Which of these individuals would most likely conform to his or her peers?
the baby monkey was more likely to cling to a terry-cloth surrogate mother than a wire surrogate mother.
In Harry Harlow’s experiments with baby monkeys
oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
Freud postulated these psychosexual stages:
In this, males commit suicide more often than females, but females attempt suicide more often.
In adolescence
According to this, suicide rates tend to increase with age.
In the general U.S. population
This is greatest during middle age.
The fear of death
This evolves primarily during the oral age.
In Freudian theory, attachment is a major factor
In General,
girls grow up to smile more;
girls are using more feeling words by age 2;
girls are better able to read people without verbal cues at any age.
When comparing girls to boys, it could be noted that, in general
latency.
The Freudian developmental stage which “least” emphasizes sexuality is
boys are punished more than girls.
In terms of parenting young children
This is how much heredity or environment interact to influence development.
When developmental theorists speak of nature or nurture they really mean
qualitative changes between stages occur.
Stage theorists assume
This is a continuous process which begins at conception.
Development
is a continuous process which begins at conception.
is a continuous process which begins at conception.
