Enculturation Flashcards
It generally refers to the products of the socialization process—the subjective, underlying, psychological aspects of culture that become internalized through development
Enculturation
The process by which we learn and internalize the rules and patterns of behavior that are affected by culture. This process, which occurs over a long time, involves learning and
mastering societal and cultural norms, attitudes, values, and belief systems
Socialization
Socialization Agents
Parents, Siblings, Extended Families, Peers, and Organizations
They help instill cultural mores and values in their children, reinforcing those mores and values when they are learned and practiced well and correcting mistakes in that learning.
Parents
Who is the proponent of ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THEORY?
URIE BRONFENBRENNER
It is a dynamic, interactive
process between individuals and various ecologies that range from the proximal,
immediate environment to the more distal.
Human development
It is the first level of Bronfenbrenner’s theory, and are the things that have direct contact with the child in their immediate environment, such as parents, siblings, teachers and school peers.
Microsystem
It encompasses the interactions between the child’s microsystems, such as the interactions between the child’s parents and teachers, or between school peers and siblings.
Mesosystem
It incorporates other formal and informal social structures, which do not
themselves contain the child, but indirectly influence them as they affect one of the microsystems.
Exosystem
It focuses on how cultural
elements affect a child’s development, such as socioeconomic status, wealth, poverty, and ethnicity
Macrosystem
It consists of all of the
environmental changes that occur over the lifetime which influence development, including major life transitions, and historical events.
Chronosystem
He argued that to understand how a child develops, we must consider the experience of the child within each of these systems.
Bronfenbrenner
Ecological Systems Theory is consist of…
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
The most important microsystem to a child’s
development is ________
Family
It is a unit of the society (a small social group), the most important form of organization of person’s everyday life, based on
a marital union and family ties – relations between husband and wife, parents and children, brothers and sisters, and other relatives living together and running a joint household
Family
If a society has a high rate of ___________, parenting efforts may concentrate on meeting basic physical needs. Parents may have little choice but to disregard other developmental demands.
infant mortality
He identified three general
patterns of parenting based on two key dimensions: warmth/responsiveness and control.
Baumrind
The children of _______ demonstrate better school
performance, more positive mood, self reliance, self-confidence, higher emotional and social skills
Authoritative
What are the 4 parenting styles?
Authoritative
Authoritarian
Permissive
Uninvolved/Neglectful
The children of _______ are found to be more anxious and withdrawn, lacking spontaneity and intellectual curiosity.
Authoritarian
The children of ______ are immature; they have difficulty controlling their impulses and acting
independently.
Permissive
The children of _______ are the worst, being noncompliant and demanding.
Uninvolved
According to Chua’s definition, these are mothers of Chinese (or other ethnic) origin who are highly controlling and authoritarian. This style of parenting is seen as harsh,
demanding, and often emotionally unsupportive.
Tiger Mother
This can be a more collaborative approach than
some of the other classic parenting styles. They aim to guide and support but also
promote independent choices and creativity. They try setting achievable and realistic expectations but still encourage their child to
work hard.
Dolphin mother
These parents are the opposite of authoritarians. They project high warmth and communication but take little control, tolerate
inconsistent daily routines, and provide few clear expectations for their kids
Jellyfish Mother
Especially in the first years of
life, children depend on their parents to protect them from harm. When children are distressed, an appropriate parenting behavior is to respond
sensitively and offer comfort
Protection
Children must learn how to live by culturally defined rules.
Control
Learning how to cooperate
Reciprocity
Learning Specific Skills
Guided Learning
Learning to participate
in social groups and cultural practices.
Group Participation
Domain-Specific Approach
Protection
Control
Reciprocity
Guided Learning
Group Participation
They are the arena for training interpersonal competencies, they act as role models and serve as one of the basic sources of emotional and instrumental
support.
Brothers and sisters
This relationship is oftentimes one of
the longest relationships in a person’s life.
Sibling relationships
▪ Achiever and leader
▪ A desire to please others
▪ Bossy and authoritarian about rules
▪ Feelings of superiority on other children
▪ A tendency to be controlling and focused on
being correct about results
Oldest Child
▪ People pleaser, rebellious, competitive,
peacemaker
▪ Independent and not need the support for
others
▪ Develop abilities the first child doesn’t
exhibit to gain attention
Second Child
These children tend to get much more attention
from adults than a child with siblings does. This
means many of their early interactions involve
individuals significantly older than them.
Only Child
▪ Confident, self-centered, sensitive
▪ Maturity for their age
▪ A tendency to feel unfairly treated when not
getting their own way
▪ A desire to be more like adults, so may not
relate well with peers
Only Child
The “baby” of the family tends to get more
attention from parents since the older siblings
are developing and becoming more
independent.
Youngest Child
Begin their lives with their parents’ attention on
the firstborn. They try to catch up with older children.
Second Child
Since they are used to being an only child until siblings come along, they may exhibit some of the characteristics of an only child.
Oldest Child/Firstborn Child
▪ Can be an attention seeker
▪ Feels inferior, like everyone is bigger or
more capable
▪ Expects others to make decisions and take
responsibility
▪ May not be taken seriously
Youngest Child
Types of Family
Extended Families
Multigenerational Households
It is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family
of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same
household. Particular forms include the stem and joint families.
Extended Families
They are are defined as
including two or more adult generations (with adults mainly ages 25 or older) or a “skipped generation,” which consists of grandparents and their grandchildren younger than 25.
Multigenerational households
___________ conveys beliefs and values that may influence behaviors related to identity exploration, and it may facilitate or constrain those behaviors themselves. The messages a student gets from multiple peer systems may promote identity exploration.
Informal peer culture
Mead’s Types of Culture
Postfigurative
Cofigurative
Prefigurative
Cultural change is slow, socialization occurs primarily by elders transferring their knowledge to their children.
Postfigurative
Cultural change occurs more rapidly, adults continue to socialize their children, but peers play a greater role in
socializing each other.
Cofigurative
Culture is changing so rapidly that young people may be the ones to teach
adults.
Prefigurative
It is when you do something because you want to feel accepted and valued by your friends.
Peer pressure or influence
It is an aggressive behavior
among school aged children that involves a real
or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is
repeated, or has the potential to be repeated,
over time.
Bullying
Types of Bullying
Physical
Verbal
Social
Cyberbullying
In which children take part play an important role in imparting cultural values.
Educational Systems
The process by which individuals learn and adopt the ways and manners of their specific culture.
Enculturation
The process by which we learn and internalize the rules and patterns of behavior that are affected by culture. This process, which occurs over a long time, involves learning and mastering societal andcultural norms, attitudes,
values, and belief systems.
Socialization
Parental cultural belief
systems
Parental Ethnotheories
A style of parenting in which the parent expects
unquestioned obedience and views the child as needing to be controlled.
Authoritarian Parent
A style of parenting in which
parents allow children to
regulate their own lives and
provide few firm guidelines
Permissive Parent
A style of parenting that is
viewed as firm, fair, and reasonable.
Authoritative Parent
A style of parenting in which
parents are often too absorbed in their own lives to respond appropriately to
their children and may seem
indifferent to them.
Uninvolved Parent
