Enclitic particles Flashcards
Now, already
Na
Still, else, in addition, yet
Pa
Even, even if, even though
Man, kahit
Although
Bagamán
Marks personal names that are not the focus of the sentence; indicates possession (singular)
Ni
Marks personal names that are not the focus of the sentence; indicates possession (plural)
Niná
Marks and introduces personal names (singular)
Si
Marks and introduces personal names (plural)
Siná
Indeed; used to affirm or to emphasize. Also soften imperatives
Ngâ
Too, also
Din
Too, also (after a vowel)
Rin
Limiting particle; only or just
Lamang (contracted as lang)
A reporting particle that indicates the preceding information as secondhand; they say, he said, reportedly, supposedly, etc
Daw
A reporting particle that indicates the preceding information as secondhand; they say, he said, reportedly, supposedly, etc (after a vowel)
Raw
Marker indicating politeness
Pô
Used to end yes-and-no questions and optionally in other types of questions
Ba
For now, for a minute and yet (when answering in the negative)
Muna
Used in making contrasts; softens requests; emphasis
Namán
Expresses cause; because
Kasí
Expresses wonder; I wonder perhaps (we should do something); also optionally used in yes-and-no questions and other forms of questions
Kayâ
Expresses that the speaker has realized or suddenly remembered something; realization particle; apparently
Palá
Expresses uncertainty; probably, perhaps, seems
Yatà
Used in cause and effect; as a result
Tulóy
Expresses hope, unrealized condition (with verb in completed aspect), used in conditional sentences
Sana
