Encephalitis Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most common viral cause of encephalitis?
A
HSV
2
Q
What are the viral causes of encephalitis?
A
HSV 1 + 2 arboviruses CMV VZV HV Measles Mumps rabies
3
Q
What are non-viral causes for encephalitis?
A
Any bacterial meningitis --> neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pneumoniae TB Malaria Listeria Lyme
4
Q
When would you always want to suspect encephalitis?
A
Decreased GCS
focal neurological lesions
seizures preceded by infection
5
Q
What are clinical features of encephalitis?
A
- bizarre encephalopathy behaviour or confusion
- decreased GCS or coma
- fever
- lethargy
- headache
- focal neurological signs
- seizues
- Hx travel or animal bite
6
Q
What investigations are done for encephalitis?
A
Bloods: • blood cultures • serum for viral PCR •throat swab •MSU •FBC - predominantly lymphocytes Contrast: •enhanced CT LP •typically moderate increase protein in CSF
7
Q
What is the management of encephalitis?
A
Acyclovir - need 14 days empirical treatment
Supportive
Symptomatic –> phenytoin for seizures
8
Q
What is the mortality rate when no treatment?
A
70%
