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Year Two - Neurology System > Encephalitis > Flashcards

Encephalitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

It is defined as a condition in which there is inflammation of the brain

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2
Q

What two lobes of the brain tend to be affected in encephalitis?

A

Inferior frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

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3
Q

What are the seven risk factors associated with encephalitis?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus -1

Herpes Simplex Virus-2

Epstein-Barr Virus

Enteroviruses

Mosquito-Borne Viruses

Tick-Borne Viruses

Rabies Virus

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4
Q

What is the most common risk factor of encephalitis?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus -1

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5
Q

What are the eight clincial features of encephalitis?

A

Fever

Nausea & Vomiting

Headache

Photophobia

Neck Stiffness

Seizures

Confusion

Mental State Changes

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6
Q

Describe the seizures associated with encephalitis

A

They show localising features to the frontal and temporal lobes

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7
Q

What are the four clinical features that indicate focal seizures are localised to the frontal lobe?

A

JPJP

Jerky movements

Posturing

Jacksonian march

Posticital weakness

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8
Q

What four clinical features indicates focal seizures are localised to the temporal lobe?

A

HEAD

Hallucinations

Epigastric Rising Aura/Emotional

Automatisms

Deja Vu/Dysphasia

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9
Q

What clincal feature is used to differentiate between encephalitis and meninigits?

A

In encephalitis, there is abnormalitis in cerebral function, including altered mental state

In meningitis, cerebral functioning is normal

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10
Q

What three investigations are used to diagnose encephalitis?

A

MRI Scan

EEG Scan

Lumbar Puncture & CSF PCR

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11
Q

What are the two features of encephalitis on MRI scans?

A

Inferior Frontal Lobe Changes

Medial Temporal Lobe Changes

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12
Q

What is a feature of encephalitis on EEG scans?

A

There are lateralised periodic discharges at 2Hz

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13
Q

What is the gold standard investigation used to diagnose encephalitis?

A

Lumbar Puncture & CSF PCR

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14
Q

What is a lumbar puncture?

A

It involves the insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, specifically between L3 and L4 vertebrae, to collect a sample of CSF

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15
Q

What are the three features of encephalitis on lumbar puncture?

A

Increased Lymphocyte Levels

Increased Protein Levels

Positive PCR For HSV, VZV & Enteroviruses

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16
Q

When is pharmacological management of encephalitis recommended?

A

It should be commenced in all cases of suspected encephalitis

This is due to the fact that it covers HSV-1 infection

17
Q

What is the pharmacological management option of encephalitis?

A

IV aciclovir

Year Two - Neurology System (25 decks)

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