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M3 Oral Biology > Enamel, Dentine and Bonding > Flashcards

Enamel, Dentine and Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

describe enamel

A 
epithelial product 
96% organic material = hydroxyapatite
2 mm thick
very hard and brittle
translucent
non vital
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2
Q

what is the chemical formula for hydroxyapatite?

A

Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2

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3
Q

how long are hydroxyapatite crystals?

A

very long

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4
Q

describe the structure of a hydroxyapatite crystal

A

OH^- ion surrounded by 3 Ca^2+ ions, which are then surrounded by 3 PO4^3- ions, all encapsulated by 6 Ca^2+ ions

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5
Q

what is the basic unit of enamel that is formed by tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals?

A

enamel prisms/rods

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6
Q

what are the 2 parts of the structure of enamel prisms

A

prism core

prism sheath

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7
Q

describe the prism core

A

tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals

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8
Q

describe the prism sheath

A
  • hydroxyapatite crystals LESS tightly packed
  • more space for organic components
  • boundary of clearly different crystal orientation
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9
Q

give the term for:

prisms appear twisted around each other at the cusps

A

gnarled enamel

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10
Q

what does gnarled enamel provide?

A

strength at the cusps where there is the most force

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11
Q

what are Striae of Retzius?

A

brown incremental growth lines of enamel

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12
Q

what 2 things are known to accentuate (darken) Striae of Retzius?

A

systemis illness

birth

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13
Q

what is the accentuated Stria of Retzius due to birth called?

A

neonatal line

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14
Q

give the term for:

shallow furrows where Striae of Retzius reach the surface

A

perikymata

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15
Q

what are the ridges between perikymata termed?

A

Imbrication lines of Pickerill

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16
Q

describe dentine

A

porous biological composite of hydroxyapatite crystals in a collagen matrix

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17
Q

what direction do collagen fibres mainly run?

A

parallel to ADJ

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18
Q

what property to collagen fibres give dentine?

A

strength

19
Q

describe primary and secondary dentine tubules

A

wiggly lines within wiggly tunnels that fan out from the pulp to the ADJ

20
Q

are there more or less tubules per mm2 in Pre-dentine compared to ADJ?

A

MORE tubules in pre-dentine than at the ADJ

21
Q

What does dentine become deeper towards the pulp?

A

becomes more porous and wetter

22
Q

where are more nerves found in dentine?

A

in pre-dentine

23
Q

where is the clinically sensitive area in dentine?

A

cervical margin

24
Q

give the 3 ways to classify dentine

A

developmental
primary, secondary, tertiary
tubule

25
Q

what are the 2 types of dentine, classified developmentally

A

mantle dentine

circumpulpal dentine

26
Q

describe mantle dentine

A
  • 1st formed
  • adjacent to enamel
  • thin-ish layer
  • LARGE COLLAGEN FIBRILS
27
Q

describe circumpulpal dentine

A
  • the rest of dentine
  • closely packed and interwoven collagen fibrils
  • small collagen fibrils next to ADJ
28
Q

describe primary dentine

A

formed during tooth development up to root completion

29
Q

describe secondary dentine

A

formed after root completion and forms slowly throughout life

30
Q

describe tertiary dentine

A

localised under the pulpal insult stimulus

2 types of tertiary dentine

31
Q

give the 2 types of tertiary dentine

A 
reactionary = slow formation and uses existing odontoblasts
reparative = existing odontoblasts are destroyed and new differentiated 'odontoblasts' are recruited. new dentine is rapidly formed but the structure is poor
32
Q

what is the function of tertiary dentine?

A

to remove pulp from the stimulus (pulp running away from caries/fracture etc)

33
Q

give the term for the dentine around the tubule

A

peri-/intra- tubular dentine

34
Q

give the term for the dentine between the tubules

A

inter-tubular dentine

35
Q

contents of dentine tubules?

A

odontoblast process and nerves

36
Q

give the 2 ways in which dentine can change in response to insult

A
  • tertiary dentine

- sclerosis

37
Q

describe sclerosis of dentine

A

tubules are blocked off and appear transparent

38
Q

give the 2 ways that dentine changes with age

A
  • secondary dentine

- translucent sclerotic dentine

39
Q

give the 8 changes in dentine that LOWER BOND STRENGTH

A
  1. Caries affected dentine
  2. Cervical abfraction lesion
  3. Aged dentine
  4. Tooth depth
  5. Smear layer
  6. Dentine permeability
  7. Pulpal pressure
  8. Desensitising treatments
40
Q

Give the name for the growth lines in dentine

A

incremental lines of von ebner

41
Q

Give the name for the lines that run antiparallel to and are a coincidence of secondary curvatures

A

contour lines of owen

42
Q

what forms in dentine as a result of failure of calcospherites to fuse?

A

interglobular dentine

43
Q

what occurs once the enamel lesion has been cavitated?

A

bacterial invasion

44
Q

what is always occurring (at the intact surface and the cavitated surface) of a lesion?

A

demineralisation

M3 Oral Biology (5 decks)

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