EMT230 Chapter 21 Flashcards by Hector González

The sole supplier of arterial blood to the heart:

A: Vena Cavas
B: Pulmonary Vein
C: Coronary Arteries
D: Aorta

C: Coronary Arteries

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The ____ side of the heart is a low pressure pump.

A. Left
B. Right

B. Right

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Atrial contraction is also called:

A. Atrial Kick
B. Afterload
C. Ventricular filling
D. Cardiac cycle

A. Atrial kick

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The stroke volume is:

A. The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each atrial contraction.
B. The amount of preload in the heart.
C. The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction.
D. The pressure at which the heart must pump against.

C. The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction.

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Preload is the volume of blood ______ the heart.

A. Returning to
B. Leaving
C. Moving through
D. Circulating in

A. Returning to

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Afterload is:

A. The amount of blood leaving the heart.
B. The resistance against which the heart muscle must pump.
C. The amount of blood returning to the heart.
D. The performance of the cardiac muscle.

B. The resistance against which the heart muscle must pump.

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Starling Law of the Heart says:

A. The heart will contract more forcefully when constricted.
B. The heart will contract more forcefully when stretched.
C. The heart will beat slower at rest.
D. The pressure in the heart never changes.

B. The heart will contract more forcefully when stretched.

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Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying:

A. Stroke Rate x Heart Rate
B. Stroke Volume x Respiratory Rate
C. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
D. Preload x Heart Rate

C. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

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The sodium-potassium exchange pump normally transports ___ sodium ions out for every ___ potassium ions taken in.

A. 3, 2
B. 2, 3
C. 1, 1
D. 2, 1

A. 3, 2

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This phase of cell excitability represents the rapid upstroke of the action potential and occurs when the cell membrane reaches threshold potential.

A. Phase 4
B. Phase 1
C. Phase 0
D. Phase 2

C. Phase 0

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This phase of cell excitability is the early repolarization phase where sodium channels close.

A. Phase 2
B. Phase 3
C. Phase 1
D. Phase 0

C. Phase 1

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This phase of cell excitability is also known as the plateau phase.

A. Phase 0
B. Phase 1
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 2

D. Phase 2

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This phase of cell excitability is the terminal phase of repolarization. In this phase, the inside of the cell becomes negatively charged.

A. Phase 1
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4

C. Phase 3

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In this phase of cell excitability the cell membrane has returned to it’s resting membrane potential.

A. Phase 2
B. Phase 4
C. Phase 0
D. Phase 3

B. Phase 4

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The _________ refractory period is when the cardiac cell cannot respond to stimulation.

A. Absolute
B. Relative

A. Absolute

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The AV Junction is formed by which of the following:

A. Bundle of His & Perkinje Fibers
B. Left and Right Bundle Branches
C. AV node and Bundle of His
D. AV node and Purkinje Fibers

C. AV node and Bundle of His

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The intrinsic rate for the SA Node is:

A. 60-100 bpm
B. 40-60 bpm
C. 20-40 bpm
D. 70-90 bpm

A. 60-100 bpm

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The intrinsic rate for the AV Node is:

A. 40-100 bpm
B. 60-100 bpm
C. 40-60 bpm
D. 20-40 bpm

C. 40-60 bpm

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The intrinsic rate for the Purkinje Fibers is:

A. 20-60 bpm
B. 20-40 bpm
C. 40-60 bpm
D. 60-100 bpm

B. 20-40 bpm

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Excessive vagal stimulation can lead to:

A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Asystole
D. Hyptertension

C. Asystole

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When the heart contracts as a result of stimulation by cells other than the SA Node, the contraction is known as a(n):

A. AV beat
B. Ventricular beat
C. Ectopic beat
D. Ectopic focus

C. Ectopic beat

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____ is the reactivation of myocardial tissue for the second or subsequent time by the same impulse.

A. Reentry
B. Reuptake
C. Afib
D. Arrhythmia

A. Reentry

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Reentry can result in all of the following arrhythmias EXCEPT:

A. Ventricular Tachycardia
B. Atrial Fibrillation
C. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
D. Sinus Tachycardia

D. Sinus Tachycardia

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Each small square of an EKG is equal to:

A. 0.05 seconds
B. 0.04 seconds
C. 0.5 seconds
D. 0.4 seconds

B. 0.04 seconds

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Each large square on an EKG is equal to: A. 0.20 seconds B. 0.25 seconds C. 0.30 seconds D. 0.10 seconds

A. 0.20 seconds Page 731

U waves on EKGs are thought to represent: A. Delayed repolarization of the Bundle of His B. Accelerated repolarization of the Bundle of His C. Delayed repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers D. Accelerated repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers

C. Delayed repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers Page 732

The normal duration of a QRS complex is: A. 0.8-0.10 seconds B. 0.9-0.12 seconds C. 0.5-0.10 seconds D. 0.8-0.15 seconds

A. 0.8-0.10 seconds Page 733

A QRS complex that is 0.12 seconds or longer is indicative of: A. Impending asystole B. Atrial flutter C. Normal sinus D. Bundle branch block

D. Bundle branch block Page 733

The J Point is the part of an EKG where: A. The QRS begins B. The QRS ends and ST segment begins C. The ST segment ends D. The P wave ends and QRS begins

B. The QRS ends and ST segment begins Page 734

The part of an EKG that represents repolarization of the ventricles is: A. QRS complex B. T wave C. P wave D. U wave

B. T wave Page 735

Dysrhythmias originating in the SA node include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Atrial flutter B. Sinus arrest C. Sinus bradycardia D. Sinus tachycardia

A. Atrial flutter Page 744

Dysrhythmias originating in the atria include all of the following EXCEPT: A. PAC B. Wandering pacemaker C. Accelerated junctional rhythm D. Atrial flutter

C. Accelerated Junctional Rhythm Page 744

Dysrhythmias originating in the AV node include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Junctional escape B. Accelerated juntctional rhythm C. Premature junctional contractions D. Asystole

D. Asystole Page 744

Dysrhythmias originating in the ventricles include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Premature ventricular contractions B. Ventricular tachycardia C. Artificial pacemaker rhythm D. Junctional escape

D. Junctional escape Page 747

Treatment options for sinus bradycardia include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Dopamine B. Atropine C. Amiodarone D. Oxygen

C. Amiodarone Page 750

Standard treatment for sinus tachycardia is: A. Fentanyl B. Fluids C. Adenosine D. Treat the underlying cause

D. Treat the underlying cause Page 753

Sinus arrest is a depression in the automaticity of the SA node that results in: A. Periods of cardiac standstill B. Asystole C. Vfib D. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

A. Periods of cardiac standstill Page 753

Treatment for sinus arrest can include: A. Adenosine B. Atropine C. Lidocaine D. Epinephrine

B. Atropine Page 756

____ is described as any tachycardia that directly or indirectly involves the atria or the AV node. A. Junctional escape rhythm B. Pulseless VTach C. SVT D. Sinus tachycardia

C. SVT Page 759

_____ is the most common type of reentry SVT: A. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) B. SVT C. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)

A. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) Page 759

When an SVT rhythm begins and ends quickly, it is referred to as ____. A. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) B. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) C. Accelerated SVT D. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)

B. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT) Page 759

____ is almost always a result of rapid atrial reentry focus. A. Atrial fibrillation B. Atrial flutter C. Ventricular tachycardia D. Ventricular fibrillation

B. Atrial flutter Page 765

____ results from mutiple areas of reentry within the atria. A. Atrial fibrillation B. Atrial flutter C. Ventricular tachycardia D. Ventricular fibrillation

A. Atrial fibrillation Page 767

Junctional rhythms ar rhythms that start in: A. The AV node B. The SA node C. The AV node or the AV juntion D. The Purkinje Fibers

C. The AV node or the AV juntion Page 770

The instrinsic rate for accelerated junctional rhythms is: A. 40-60 bpm B. 60-99 bpm C. 20-40 bpm D. 100-120 bpm

B. 60-99 bpm Page 773

Junctional tachycardia has an intrinsic rate of: A. > 120 bpm B. 40-60 bpm C. 60-100 bpm D. >100 bpm

D. >100 bpm Page 773

A ventricular escape complex is also known as: A. Idioventricular rhythm B. Junctional escape C. Ventricular tachycardia D. Ventricular fibrillation

A. Idioventricular rhythm Page 775

A premature junctional complex results from: A. Multiple electrical impulses from the AV junction B. A single electrical impulse from the AV junction C. Interrupted SA node impulses D. Rapid, repeated firing of the AV node

B. A single electrical impulse from the AV junction Page 770

A premature ventricular complex is: A. Rapid, repeated firing of the AV node B. A stronger PJC C. A single ectopic impulse arising from an irritable focus in either ventricle D. Interrupted SA node impulss

C. A single ectopic impulse arising from an irritable focus in either ventricle Page 775

Identify this rhythm. A. Bigeminy B. Trigeminy C. Normal sinus with PVCs D. Junctional escape

B. Trigeminy

Identify this rhythm. A. Normal sinus B. Junctional escape C. Sinus brady D. Normal sinus with PJC

D. Normal sinus with PJC

Identify this rhythm. A. 2nd degree AV block type 1 B. 1st degree AV block C. Normal sinus D. 3rd degree AV block

B. 1st degree AV block

Identify this rhythm. A. 2nd degree AV block type 1 B. Sick sinus syndrome C. 3rd degree AV block D. 2nd degree AV block type 2

A. 2nd degree AV block type 1

Identify this rhythm. A. 2nd degree AV block type 1 B. Sick sinus syndrome C. 3rd degree AV block D. 2nd degree AV block type 2

D. 2nd degree AV block type 2

Identify this rhythm. A. Junctional escape B. 3rd degree AV block C. Normal sinus with PVCs D. Sick sinus syndrome

B. 3rd degree AV block

Wenckebach is another name for ____: A. 1st degree AV block B. 2nd degree AV block type 1 C. 2nd degree AV block type 2 D. 3rd degree AV block

B. 2nd degree AV block type 1 Page 793

Which of the following leads has a negative deflection on an EKG? A. II B. aVL C. aVF D. aVR

D. aVR Page 808

Which of the following leads has a negative deflection on an EKG? A. III B. V2 C. V1 D. aVF

C. V1 Page 808

If Lead I is positive and aVF is positive, the axis is considered _____.

Normal

If Lead I is negative, but aVF is positive, the axis is described as: A. Normal B. Right axis deviation C. Left axis deviation D. Indeterminate

B. Right axis deviation Page 811

If Lead I is positive, but aVF is negative, the axis is described as: A. Normal B. Right axis deviation C. Left axis deviation D. Indeterminate

C. Left axis deviation Page 811

If Lead I and aVF are both negative, the axis is described as: A. Normal B. Right axis deviation C. Left axis deviation D. Indeterminate

D. Indeterminate Page 811

A ____ is a murmur that indicates turbulent blood flow through a vessel. A. Bruit B. Artherosclerosis C. Ronchi D. Stridor

A. Bruit Page 827

____ is a spectrum of diseases that includes AMI and unstable chest pain. A. Cardiovascular disease B. Acute coronary syndrome C. Myocardial infarct D. Ischemic disorder

B. Acute coronary syndrome Page 827

____ is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death. A. History of hyptertension B. Atherosclerosis C. Chronic myocardial ischemia D. Acute coronary syndrome

D. Acute coronary syndrome Page 827

If a patient complains of sudden onset of 'ripping' or 'tearing' abdominal or back pain and has unexplained hypotension, you should suspect the patient may have a _____.

Leaking or ruptured AAA