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EMT 230 Chapter 21 > EMT230 Chapter 21 > Flashcards

EMT230 Chapter 21 Flashcards

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1
Q

The sole supplier of arterial blood to the heart:

A: Vena Cavas
B: Pulmonary Vein
C: Coronary Arteries
D: Aorta

A

C: Coronary Arteries

Page 711

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2
Q

The ____ side of the heart is a low pressure pump.

A. Left
B. Right

A

B. Right

Page 712

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3
Q

Atrial contraction is also called:

A. Atrial Kick
B. Afterload
C. Ventricular filling
D. Cardiac cycle

A

A. Atrial kick

Page 712

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4
Q

The stroke volume is:

A. The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each atrial contraction.
B. The amount of preload in the heart.
C. The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction.
D. The pressure at which the heart must pump against.

A

C. The amount of blood ejected from the heart with each ventricular contraction.

Page 714

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5
Q

Preload is the volume of blood ______ the heart.

A. Returning to
B. Leaving
C. Moving through
D. Circulating in

A

A. Returning to

Page 714

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6
Q

Afterload is:

A. The amount of blood leaving the heart.
B. The resistance against which the heart muscle must pump.
C. The amount of blood returning to the heart.
D. The performance of the cardiac muscle.

A

B. The resistance against which the heart muscle must pump.

Page 714

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7
Q

Starling Law of the Heart says:

A. The heart will contract more forcefully when constricted.
B. The heart will contract more forcefully when stretched.
C. The heart will beat slower at rest.
D. The pressure in the heart never changes.

A

B. The heart will contract more forcefully when stretched.

Page 715

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8
Q

Cardiac output can be calculated by multiplying:

A. Stroke Rate x Heart Rate
B. Stroke Volume x Respiratory Rate
C. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
D. Preload x Heart Rate

A

C. Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

Page 715

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9
Q

The sodium-potassium exchange pump normally transports ___ sodium ions out for every ___ potassium ions taken in.

A. 3, 2
B. 2, 3
C. 1, 1
D. 2, 1

A

A. 3, 2

Page 719

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10
Q

This phase of cell excitability represents the rapid upstroke of the action potential and occurs when the cell membrane reaches threshold potential.

A. Phase 4
B. Phase 1
C. Phase 0
D. Phase 2

A

C. Phase 0

Page 720

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11
Q

This phase of cell excitability is the early repolarization phase where sodium channels close.

A. Phase 2
B. Phase 3
C. Phase 1
D. Phase 0

A

C. Phase 1

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12
Q

This phase of cell excitability is also known as the plateau phase.

A. Phase 0
B. Phase 1
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 2

A

D. Phase 2

Page 720

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13
Q

This phase of cell excitability is the terminal phase of repolarization. In this phase, the inside of the cell becomes negatively charged.

A. Phase 1
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4

A

C. Phase 3

Page 721

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14
Q

In this phase of cell excitability the cell membrane has returned to it’s resting membrane potential.

A. Phase 2
B. Phase 4
C. Phase 0
D. Phase 3

A

B. Phase 4

Page 721

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15
Q

The _________ refractory period is when the cardiac cell cannot respond to stimulation.

A. Absolute
B. Relative

A

A. Absolute

Page 721

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16
Q

The AV Junction is formed by which of the following:

A. Bundle of His & Perkinje Fibers
B. Left and Right Bundle Branches
C. AV node and Bundle of His
D. AV node and Purkinje Fibers

A

C. AV node and Bundle of His

Page 722

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17
Q

The intrinsic rate for the SA Node is:

A. 60-100 bpm
B. 40-60 bpm
C. 20-40 bpm
D. 70-90 bpm

A

A. 60-100 bpm

Page 723

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18
Q

The intrinsic rate for the AV Node is:

A. 40-100 bpm
B. 60-100 bpm
C. 40-60 bpm
D. 20-40 bpm

A

C. 40-60 bpm

Page 723

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19
Q

The intrinsic rate for the Purkinje Fibers is:

A. 20-60 bpm
B. 20-40 bpm
C. 40-60 bpm
D. 60-100 bpm

A

B. 20-40 bpm

Page 723

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20
Q

Excessive vagal stimulation can lead to:

A. Tachycardia
B. Bradycardia
C. Asystole
D. Hyptertension

A

C. Asystole

Page 724

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21
Q

When the heart contracts as a result of stimulation by cells other than the SA Node, the contraction is known as a(n):

A. AV beat
B. Ventricular beat
C. Ectopic beat
D. Ectopic focus

A

C. Ectopic beat

Page 724

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22
Q

____ is the reactivation of myocardial tissue for the second or subsequent time by the same impulse.

A. Reentry
B. Reuptake
C. Afib
D. Arrhythmia

A

A. Reentry

Page 724

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23
Q

Reentry can result in all of the following arrhythmias EXCEPT:

A. Ventricular Tachycardia
B. Atrial Fibrillation
C. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
D. Sinus Tachycardia

A

D. Sinus Tachycardia

Page 724

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24
Q

Each small square of an EKG is equal to:

A. 0.05 seconds
B. 0.04 seconds
C. 0.5 seconds
D. 0.4 seconds

A

B. 0.04 seconds

Page 731

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25
Q

Each large square on an EKG is equal to:

A. 0.20 seconds
B. 0.25 seconds
C. 0.30 seconds
D. 0.10 seconds

A

A. 0.20 seconds

Page 731

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26
Q

U waves on EKGs are thought to represent:

A. Delayed repolarization of the Bundle of His
B. Accelerated repolarization of the Bundle of His
C. Delayed repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers
D. Accelerated repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers

A

C. Delayed repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers

Page 732

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27
Q

The normal duration of a QRS complex is:

A. 0.8-0.10 seconds
B. 0.9-0.12 seconds
C. 0.5-0.10 seconds
D. 0.8-0.15 seconds

A

A. 0.8-0.10 seconds

Page 733

28
Q

A QRS complex that is 0.12 seconds or longer is indicative of:

A. Impending asystole
B. Atrial flutter
C. Normal sinus
D. Bundle branch block

A

D. Bundle branch block

Page 733

29
Q

The J Point is the part of an EKG where:

A. The QRS begins
B. The QRS ends and ST segment begins
C. The ST segment ends
D. The P wave ends and QRS begins

A

B. The QRS ends and ST segment begins

Page 734

30
Q

The part of an EKG that represents repolarization of the ventricles is:

A. QRS complex
B. T wave
C. P wave
D. U wave

A

B. T wave

Page 735

31
Q

Dysrhythmias originating in the SA node include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Atrial flutter
B. Sinus arrest
C. Sinus bradycardia
D. Sinus tachycardia

A

A. Atrial flutter

Page 744

32
Q

Dysrhythmias originating in the atria include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. PAC
B. Wandering pacemaker
C. Accelerated junctional rhythm
D. Atrial flutter

A

C. Accelerated Junctional Rhythm

Page 744

33
Q

Dysrhythmias originating in the AV node include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Junctional escape
B. Accelerated juntctional rhythm
C. Premature junctional contractions
D. Asystole

A

D. Asystole

Page 744

34
Q

Dysrhythmias originating in the ventricles include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Premature ventricular contractions
B. Ventricular tachycardia
C. Artificial pacemaker rhythm
D. Junctional escape

A

D. Junctional escape

Page 747

35
Q

Treatment options for sinus bradycardia include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Dopamine
B. Atropine
C. Amiodarone
D. Oxygen

A

C. Amiodarone

Page 750

36
Q

Standard treatment for sinus tachycardia is:

A. Fentanyl
B. Fluids
C. Adenosine
D. Treat the underlying cause

A

D. Treat the underlying cause

Page 753

37
Q

Sinus arrest is a depression in the automaticity of the SA node that results in:

A. Periods of cardiac standstill
B. Asystole
C. Vfib
D. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia

A

A. Periods of cardiac standstill

Page 753

38
Q

Treatment for sinus arrest can include:

A. Adenosine
B. Atropine
C. Lidocaine
D. Epinephrine

A

B. Atropine

Page 756

39
Q

____ is described as any tachycardia that directly or indirectly involves the atria or the AV node.

A. Junctional escape rhythm
B. Pulseless VTach
C. SVT
D. Sinus tachycardia

A

C. SVT

Page 759

40
Q

_____ is the most common type of reentry SVT:

A. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
B. SVT
C. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)

A

A. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)

Page 759

41
Q

When an SVT rhythm begins and ends quickly, it is referred to as ____.

A. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
B. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
C. Accelerated SVT
D. Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT)

A

B. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)

Page 759

42
Q

____ is almost always a result of rapid atrial reentry focus.

A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Atrial flutter
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Ventricular fibrillation

A

B. Atrial flutter

Page 765

43
Q

____ results from mutiple areas of reentry within the atria.

A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Atrial flutter
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Ventricular fibrillation

A

A. Atrial fibrillation

Page 767

44
Q

Junctional rhythms ar rhythms that start in:

A. The AV node
B. The SA node
C. The AV node or the AV juntion
D. The Purkinje Fibers

A

C. The AV node or the AV juntion

Page 770

45
Q

The instrinsic rate for accelerated junctional rhythms is:

A. 40-60 bpm
B. 60-99 bpm
C. 20-40 bpm
D. 100-120 bpm

A

B. 60-99 bpm

Page 773

46
Q

Junctional tachycardia has an intrinsic rate of:

A. > 120 bpm
B. 40-60 bpm
C. 60-100 bpm
D. >100 bpm

A

D. >100 bpm

Page 773

47
Q

A ventricular escape complex is also known as:

A. Idioventricular rhythm
B. Junctional escape
C. Ventricular tachycardia
D. Ventricular fibrillation

A

A. Idioventricular rhythm

Page 775

48
Q

A premature junctional complex results from:

A. Multiple electrical impulses from the AV junction
B. A single electrical impulse from the AV junction
C. Interrupted SA node impulses
D. Rapid, repeated firing of the AV node

A

B. A single electrical impulse from the AV junction

Page 770

49
Q

A premature ventricular complex is:

A. Rapid, repeated firing of the AV node
B. A stronger PJC
C. A single ectopic impulse arising from an irritable focus in either ventricle
D. Interrupted SA node impulss

A

C. A single ectopic impulse arising from an irritable focus in either ventricle

Page 775

50
Q

Identify this rhythm.

A. Bigeminy
B. Trigeminy
C. Normal sinus with PVCs
D. Junctional escape

A

B. Trigeminy

51
Q

Identify this rhythm.

A. Normal sinus
B. Junctional escape
C. Sinus brady
D. Normal sinus with PJC

A

D. Normal sinus with PJC

52
Q

Identify this rhythm.

A. 2nd degree AV block type 1
B. 1st degree AV block
C. Normal sinus
D. 3rd degree AV block

A

B. 1st degree AV block

53
Q

Identify this rhythm.

A. 2nd degree AV block type 1
B. Sick sinus syndrome
C. 3rd degree AV block
D. 2nd degree AV block type 2

A

A. 2nd degree AV block type 1

54
Q

Identify this rhythm.

A. 2nd degree AV block type 1
B. Sick sinus syndrome
C. 3rd degree AV block
D. 2nd degree AV block type 2

A

D. 2nd degree AV block type 2

55
Q

Identify this rhythm.

A. Junctional escape
B. 3rd degree AV block
C. Normal sinus with PVCs
D. Sick sinus syndrome

A

B. 3rd degree AV block

56
Q

Wenckebach is another name for ____:

A. 1st degree AV block
B. 2nd degree AV block type 1
C. 2nd degree AV block type 2
D. 3rd degree AV block

A

B. 2nd degree AV block type 1

Page 793

57
Q

Which of the following leads has a negative deflection on an EKG?

A. II
B. aVL
C. aVF
D. aVR

A

D. aVR

Page 808

58
Q

Which of the following leads has a negative deflection on an EKG?

A. III
B. V2
C. V1
D. aVF

A

C. V1

Page 808

59
Q

If Lead I is positive and aVF is positive, the axis is considered _____.

A

Normal

60
Q

If Lead I is negative, but aVF is positive, the axis is described as:

A. Normal
B. Right axis deviation
C. Left axis deviation
D. Indeterminate

A

B. Right axis deviation

Page 811

61
Q

If Lead I is positive, but aVF is negative, the axis is described as:

A. Normal
B. Right axis deviation
C. Left axis deviation
D. Indeterminate

A

C. Left axis deviation

Page 811

62
Q

If Lead I and aVF are both negative, the axis is described as:

A. Normal
B. Right axis deviation
C. Left axis deviation
D. Indeterminate

A

D. Indeterminate

Page 811

63
Q

A ____ is a murmur that indicates turbulent blood flow through a vessel.

A. Bruit
B. Artherosclerosis
C. Ronchi
D. Stridor

A

A. Bruit

Page 827

64
Q

____ is a spectrum of diseases that includes AMI and unstable chest pain.

A. Cardiovascular disease
B. Acute coronary syndrome
C. Myocardial infarct
D. Ischemic disorder

A

B. Acute coronary syndrome

Page 827

65
Q

____ is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death.

A. History of hyptertension
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Chronic myocardial ischemia
D. Acute coronary syndrome

A

D. Acute coronary syndrome

Page 827

66
Q

If a patient complains of sudden onset of ‘ripping’ or ‘tearing’ abdominal or back pain and has unexplained hypotension, you should suspect the patient may have a _____.

A

Leaking or ruptured AAA

EMT 230 Chapter 21 (2 decks)

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