EMT Trauma-223 Flashcards
Compensated shock SS
HR-Mild Tachy, LOC, Lethargic, confused, combative, Skin- cool, delayed cap refill, BP normal to elevated.
What is true of epistaxis?
Worst anterior because of compromise to the airway
Dermatomes at umbilicus
T-10
Dermatomes at xiphoid
T-6
Dermatomes at nipple line
T-4
Definitive of a fracture
mid-shaft angulation
What part of the eye is a affected by chemical exposure
Conjunctiva
Vertigo is caused by a rupture of what part of the ear drum
The semi-circle canals
If 1000 Ml of blood is lost what vital sign could you expect
A decreased BP
The Liver is
a solid organ
Fact about drowning?
Fresh water drownings flushes surfactant and causes shunting
What is the least bad type of radiation exposure to external?
Alpha
Classification of rib bones?
Flat
Calcanean tendon allows for?
plantar Flexion
Ripping and tearing after a fall from a ladder might be?
A AAA, check for different pulse pressures
If a patient has an internal dfib where are the pads placed?
Use your pads and don’t place them over the defib.
What is a very ominous sign?
Rigid abdomen
Cause of a lower airway?
Hot steam
A patient with bad facial trauma would lead you to be concerned of?
Airway management
What injury could you expect if someone got hit on the left side?
Kehr’s sign, Spleen injury
Black charred skin
Full thickness
Knee is dislocated with no pulses
Try setting it once to get pulses back
In late decompensated shock you will see LOC because?
Not a high enough BP to allow for brain perfusion
What nerve is responsible for swallowing?
Hypoglossal XII
How to transport a pregnant patient on C-spine
Tilt the board to the left side
What injury could a FF have after being in a fire without their SCBA
Glottic injury
Why would a rapid trauma assessment be stopped?
Life threat found, sucking chest wound
How much fluid can the pericardial hold
60-100 ML
Zone of coagulation is located where?
The area with the greatest damage
What sign to be looking for with an abdomen injury?
Firmness
Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin
250 times
If JVD goes away upon inspiration what should be suspected
Pulsus paradoxus
Best drug for compensated shock
o2
What is the middle shaft fracture called?
Diaphysis
What is the tip of the shaft fracture called/
Epiphysis
What is one joint that should not be manipulated
Elbow
What should be taken into consideration with burn patients
Peds have a greater surface area to weight ratio
What is the law of kinetic energy?
1/2 the mass X velocity squared
Percentage of inspired air is oxygen?
21%
Severe allergic reaction caused by histamine release, exposure to antigen?
Anaphylactic
What happens at the cellular level during the 3rd stage of shock?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Jacksons thermal wound theory?
zone of burn injury patterns (bullseye pattern)
Most common injury to spinal cord?
C5-C7
True of peritonitis?
Localized via somatic nerve fibers
Burns associated with potassium
Hypovolemia
When would you not remove a helmet?
When the bad out weighs the good
If a patient has a bleed from the left AC what should you do?
Look for any other life threats
Where should an anterior needle D be performed
Mid clavicular 2nd intracoastal space above the 3rd rib
What is the top of the skin called?
epidermis
What is the purpose of the dermis and epidermis?
Organ pertection
What is a closed soft tissue collection of pooling blood outside the vessel?
Hematoma
What is a breakage of veins and capaliiaries called
contusion
What are factors of radiation exposures?
Time, Distance, shielding (not humidity)
Hydrochloric acid
important if they have a respiratory complaint
Important to understand about A and P for electrical burns?
The current travels with blood vessels and nerves.
This medication could have a negative impact on bleeding?
Coumadin
Liver damage from rapid deceleration
Ligamentum teres laceration
Management for right radial laceration
Direct pressure
Lac to soft tissue to the eye may result in from this type of injury?
Laceration to the cornea
What part of the body doesn’t respond well to chemicals?
eyes
Cigarette lighter burn description
Red and painful with no blistering
Where to check pulses on a adult trauma patient
Carotid
Blood anterior chamber of front of iris?
hyphema
can’t cool down
heat stroke
partial thickness burn presents with?
Blistering
Why use a short board for MVC
Because it immobilizes the c and thoracic spine
When to post burn patients need nutrients
hypermetabolic phase
Law of inertia
There are three collisions in every MVC
Life threat during explosion
Damage to lungs
Impulses from the skin to CNS
Afferent
Impulses from brain to muscle
Efferent
What vessels can’t constrict if lacerated
Capillaries
After a clavicle fracture what vessel can be injured
Subclavian
Where can arteries, veins, and nerves be found?
Under the ribs
What is not an acceptable term to describe a burn
Mild
Why is there a high BP in a dissecting aortic
Sympathetic nerve fibers stretching aorta
Why a low BP in a tension Pnuemo
Increased intrathoracic pressure decreases blood return
What social que might you take notice of if they look uncomfortable
A Female flexes her abdomen when you lift her shirt
Tension Pnuemo creates what type of shock
Obstructive
If a patient is severely injured and hypotensive what could be used
PASG
Organ located in the retroperitoneal space
Kidney
Hanging can be described as this type of injury
Distracting
Hydrochloric acid exposure may cause what?
Systemic damage even if external signs are mild
What can be true for facial traumas?
They can bleed a lot but are rarely a life threat
If bleeding can’t be controlled by direct pressure what will be the next step?
Tourniquet
How to open a trauma patient airway
Jaw thrust
Why would fluid replacement be important during a hemorrhagic shock
to keep the pre-load
Chemical exposure into respiratory tract management
ventilate and get ready to intubate
How to handle amputated body parts
Wrap the bart in gauze that is moistened with gauze with NS or LR, then place the parts in a bag and on ice.
Stage 1 of shock
vasoconstriction up to 15% blood loss
Stage 2 of shock
Capillary and venule opening, 15-25% blood loss
Stage 3 of shock
Disseminated intravascular coagulation, 25-35% blood loss
Stage 4 of shock
Multiple organ failure, 35-45% blood loss
Becks triad
JVD, muffled heart tones, narrowing BP
Management of abdominal bleed
attempt to stabilize and rapidly transport for surgical interventions
When the pressure goes up, the volume goes down. trapped gases expand when the pressure decreases to cause barotrauma.
Boyle’s Law
Who is more susceptible to an inhalation injury
Peds
The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture of gases is the same pressure that the gas would exert if it alone occupied the same volume.
Dalton’s Law
Most common organ in penetrating trauma
Liver (Ligamentum teres)
A term related to blood in the eye
Hyphema
This type of disability will make it more likely to be bedridden
Quadriplegic
When given fluid replacement to an older person
be careful not to overload them
This drug can reduce ICP and also increase CPP
Mannitol
As the body compensates for shock, peripheral vasoconstriction happens leading to what
A switch from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic
When responding to a call that involves severe energy injury what should be taken into account?
Scene safety
If you have a patient that is pinned and requires extensive extrication what should you do?
Perform supportive care and call for an Engine Co. for further extrication
You respond to a patient that is in respiratory distress, cyanosis, subQ emphysema what should be performed
Bilateral needle D
What is a definitive sign of spinal injury?
Paralysis
Your patient is complaining of redness on her wound following her injury that occurred yesterday, what would this tell you.
This is normal inflammation
Considered a very important ALS skill
Needle D
Burns that are associated with hyper K
Hypovolemia
Caused by inflammation of the labyrinth in the inner ear or damage from a blast injury
Vertigo
Post arrest care
1-2L, temp of 34 C
During any trauma if a patient takes this it increases the severity
Blood thinners
Parkland formula
4cc X BSA over 8 hours
These cells are more susceptible to radiation exposure
Reproductive
Primary blast can effect
hollow organs
If you respond to a football game for a down player what should you consider
Consult with trainer as they have a better understanding with the equipment
This condition the patient will have high potassium
Rhabdo
treatment for cyanide poisoning
Sodium thiosulfate
