EMT Review

Question 1

Power

Answer 1

The voice needs breath to initiate phonation. Breath is the power however it must not be used powerfully. Instead, and in reference to one of the key principles of the Estill Model, “the breath must be free to vary according to what it meets on the way out”.

Question 2

Source

Question 3

Filter

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

the rate at which a vibration occurs that constitutes a sound wave

Question 5

Pitch

Answer 5

determined by the number of frequencies (vibrations) per second. Faster frequencies produce a higher pitch while slower frequencies produce a lower pitch. The standard pitch at which an orchestra tunes is A440 meaning there are 440 frequencies per second to produce A4 (the A above middle C).

Question 6

Fundamental Frequency (Fo)

Answer 6

In a complex sound, multiple sine waves occur at once. The Fundamental frequency is the pitch that is perceived as the lowest partial.

Overtones can be heard above the fundamental frequency. Overtones and harmonics are collectively referred to as partial. The fundamental frequency is considered the 1st partial.

Question 7

Harmonics

Answer 7

In a complex sound wave, frequencies above the fundamental are called overtones.

Overtones produced at a simple integer of the fundamental are considered harmonics (and inherent in musical instruments - with exception to a drum)

In musical terms, the predictable addition of each simple integer establishes the harmonic series (this can be heard in isolation to the fundamental in overtone singing).

The 1st harmonic is = 1st overtone but is considered the 2nd partial (with the fundamental frequency being the 1st partial)

Question 8

Intensity

Answer 8

The amount of sound energy that passes through a particular area in one second. A high level of intensity will create a stronger sound pressure wave because of the amount of energy used to displace the molecules (and causing rarefraction) thus creating a more or less intense sound pressure wave.

This is measured by Watts divided by the area sound covers in square meters. This is called decibels (dB)

Question 9

Loudness

Answer 9

The relation between intensity of sound pressure wave in relation to the threshold of hearing. This is measured in decibels.

Question 10

Hz

Answer 10

Is the unit of cycles per second (which determines frequency and perceived pitch)

Question 11

kHz

Answer 11

1000 Hertz

Question 12

dB

Answer 12

The unit of measurement used to describe the amount of watt (energy) of a sound pressure wave. It is calculated by dividing the number of watts with the area of square meters the sound covers.

Question 13

Signal

Question 14

Sound waves

Question 15

Tone

Question 16

Noise

Question 17

Interharmonic noise

Question 18

Bernoulli Effect

Question 19

How do true vocal folds vibrate?

Question 20

How does vocal fold vibration generate tone?

Question 21

How does closed phase relate to subglottal air pressure?

Question 22

Formants

Question 23

Voice quality

Question 24

Vowels

Question 25

Identify the following -larynx -trachea -bronchi -lungs -diaphragm -abdominal cavity -thoracic cavity

Question 26

Name all the cartilages of the larynx and describe how they fit together

Question 27

Discuss the biological functions of the larynx

Question 28

Identify the following: -nasopharynx -laryngopharynx -oropharynx

Question 29

Explain how breathing works - what moves breath in and out of the lungs

Question 30

Where is the diaphragm and how does it move as we breathe, speak, sing?

Question 31

What is REL?

Question 32

What is the difference between tidal, speech, and performance breathing?

Question 33

Draw a side view of the tongue and identify: -tip -blade -dorsum -root or base of tongue

Question 34

Describe layered structure of the true vocal fold and what comprises the "body" and "cover"

Question 35

Prepare to identify the following muscles and discuss their role in pitch raising and lowering: -medial thyroarytenoid -lateral thyroarytenoid -cricothyroid -superior constrictor -middle constrictor -inferior constrictor -suprahyoids (as a group) -infrahyoids (as a group)

Question 36

Identify these structures and their functions during speech and swallowing: -velum -velo-pharyngeal port -hard palate -soft palate -uvula

Question 37

Identify the following: -sternum -clavicle -scapula -rib cage -pelvis

Question 38

Label the following: -maxillae -mandible

Question 39

Label the following: -pectoralis major -latissismus dorsi -quadratus lumborum -sternocleidomastoid

Question 40

Describe the 3 levels or layers of protective closure in the larynx and under what conditions these various levels participate in closure

Question 41

Name the structures involved in the production of speech sounds (vowels and consonants)

Question 42

List and explain the Guiding Principles of EVT

Question 43

List and explain the Operating Principles of EVT

Question 44

Describe each of the following: Craft, Artistry, Performance Magic

Question 45

Why did Jo Estill say "Speaking and singing are unnatural acts"?

Question 46

Name the 4 original voice qualities observed in Jo Estill's x-rays in 1981.

Question 47

How does each component, Power, Source, and Filter contribute to voice production?

Question 48

Name the 13 structures included in EVT

Question 49

If voice production is complex and dynamic, how does Estill Voice Training simplify the learning process?

Question 50

What are Attractor States

Question 51

Give an example of an attractor state in voice production.

Question 52

How can knowledge of voice quality benefit teachers and performers?

Question 53

Define Magnitude Estimation and how we measure kinesthetic perception in EVT?

Question 54

Discuss the role of Effort as it pertains to Estill Voice Training

Question 55

List the guidelines for monitoring Effort

Question 56

List the 9 Relaxation Maneuvers and describe their intended effects

Question 57

List the rules for monitoring effort in vocalization

Question 58

What are the risks in high intensity speaking and singing, and how does Estill Voice Training reduce them?

Question 59

What are the triggers for FVF Constriction?

Question 60

Explain why breathing is dynamic?

Question 61

Explain why breathing can be voluntary or involuntary

Question 62

Name the three layers of protective closure in the larynx.

Question 63

Define inhalatory and exhalatory muscles and their functions during respiration.

Question 64

What is a recoil breath

Question 65

When might "belly breathing" be advantageous?

Question 66

When might 'chest/clavicular' breathing be advantageous?

Question 67

Name at least one Estill Principe that applies directly to the role of breath control in voice production.

Question 68

List the structures, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles involved in pitch production and describe their contributions

Question 69

What is a voice break?

Question 70

Explain the application of Effort in Pitch Production

Question 71

Explain the physiology and coordination between breath and muscle work for the onset/offset conditions.

Question 72

What muscles open the glottis?

Question 73

What muscles close the glottis?

Question 74

What muscles allow the FVFs to be opened and closed independently?

Question 75

List the conditions for the FVFs and describe the physiology of each

Question 76

List the options for TVF: Body-Cover and descbie the physiology of each.

Question 77

List the options for TVF: Body-Cover and describe the physiology of each.

Question 78

List the options for thyroid cartilage and describe the physiology of each

Question 79

List the options for larynx and describe the physiology for each

Question 80

List the options for Velum and describe the physiology of each

Question 81

List the options for tongue and describe the physiology of each

Question 82

List the options for AES and describe the physiology of each

Question 83

List the options for Jaw and describe the physiology of each

Question 84

List the options for lips and describe the physiology of each

Question 85

List the options for Head and Neck describe the physiology and effort locations for each

Question 86

LIst the options for Torso and describe the physiology and effort locations for each

Question 87

What is the recipe for the Estill siren?

Question 88

Why is the Estill Siren useful?

Question 89

What is a Miren?

Question 90

List the structure options required for Speech Quality

Question 91

List the structure options required for Falsetto Quality

Question 92

List the structure options required for Nasal Twang Quality

Question 93

List the structure options required for Oral Twang Quality

Question 94

List the structure options required for Sob Quality

Question 95

List the structure options required for Cry Quality

Question 96

List the structures and the option (or options) required for Opera Quality

Question 97

List the structures and the option (or options) required for Belt Quality