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Pharmacology MEDIC > EMT Pharmacology > Flashcards

EMT Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Nitroglycerin (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Vasodilator

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2
Q

Nitroglycerin (MOA)

A

Dilates coronary arteries and veins, improves blood flow. Decreases oxygen demand of the heart.

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3
Q

Nitroglycerin (INDICATIONS)

A

Treatment of angina pain and acute myocardial infarction, must be patient’s prescribed dosage and as approved by medical direction.

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4
Q

Nitroglycerin (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Cerebral hemorrhage, sexual enhancement drugs (Cialis/tadalafil, Viagra/sildenafil, ), hypotension-systolic blood pressure < 100.

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5
Q

Nitroglycerin (DOSAGE)

A

Sublingual, 0.4 mg q 5 min. max dose 3 tabs.

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6
Q

Nitroglycerin (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Headache, flushing, dizziness, hypotension, and tachycardia.

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7
Q

Activated charcoal (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Adsorbent

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8
Q

Activated charcoal (MOA)

A

Adsorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract.

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9
Q

Activated charcoal (INDICATIONS)

A

Most oral poisonings, overdoses.

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10
Q

Activated charcoal (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Lowered LOC, OD of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances.

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11
Q

Activated charcoal (PRECAUTIONS)

A

Vomiting.

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12
Q

Activated charcoal (DOSAGE)

A

By mouth (PO); Adult and child; 50 grams, 1 - 2g/kg

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13
Q

Activated charcoal (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Nausea, vomiting, constipation, black stool.

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14
Q

Oral glucose (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Monosaccharide

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15
Q

Oral glucose (MOA)

A

When absorbed, provides glucose for cell use.

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16
Q

Oral glucose (INDICATIONS)

A

Altered mental status, blood sugar lower than 80 - hypoglycemia

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17
Q

Oral glucose (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Lowered LOC, nausea, vomiting, inability to swallow/no gag reflex.

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18
Q

Oral glucose (PRECAUTIONS)

A

Patient must have control of the airway and be awake and able to follow commands.

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19
Q

Oral glucose (DOSAGE)

A

By mouth (PO); 10 - 30g, max dose 30g (1-2 tubes)

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20
Q

Oral glucose (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Nausea, vomiting.

21
Q

Oxygen (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Gas, inhaled

22
Q

Oxygen (MOA)

A

Reverses hypoxia.

23
Q

Oxygen (INDICATIONS)

A

Hypoxia and suspected hypoxia.

24
Q

Oxygen (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Very rarely in patients with COPD. DO NOT use near open flames as O2 will support combustion. Never withhold O2 from a patient.

25
Q

Oxygen (PRECAUTIONS)

A

NO open flames nearby; DO NOT withhold O2 from patients in respiratory distress.

26
Q

Oxygen (DOSAGE)

A

Inhalation.

27
Q

Oxygen (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Lowered respiratory drives in some patients with COPD.

28
Q

Albuterol (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Adrenergic ß-₂ agonist, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

29
Q

Albuterol (MOA)

A

Bronchodilator, stimulates ß-₂ adrenergic receptors of bronchial smooth muscle and lungs. Therapeutic up to 5 hours.

30
Q

Albuterol (INDICATIONS)

A

Asthma or acute bronchospasm

31
Q

Albuterol (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

Hypersensitivty to this drug and peanuts, tachydysrhythmias.

32
Q

Albuterol (PRECAUTIONS)

A

Cardiac disorders, hypertension. Beta-Blockers and Albuterol will inhibit each other. Administer cautiously to patients on MAO inhibitors or tricyclic anti-depressants.

33
Q

Albuterol (DOSAGE)

A

If >1 year or >10 kg: add 2.5 mg of Albuterol mixed in 3 ml of NS (0.083%) to nebulizer and flow oxygen at 6-8 liters/min. If <1 year or <10 kg: add 1.25 mg of Albuterol mixed in 1.5 ml of NS (0.083%) to nebulizer and flow oxygen at 3 liters/min. Delivered 5-15 minutes

34
Q

Albuterol (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, hypertension, and angina CNS: Nervousness, tremor, headache, dizziness, and insomnia. GI: Drying of oropharynx, nausea, and vomiting, unusual taste.

35
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor.

36
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (MOA)

A

Stimulates nervous system, causing vasoconstriction and bronchodilation.

37
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (INDICATIONS)

A

Anaphylaxis/severe allergic reactions. s/s of shock, hypotension, airway swelling or dyspnea.

38
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

MI, hypothermia, hypertension.

39
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (PRECAUTIONS)

A

Pregnancy, cardiac disorders, hypertension, geriatrics, medication only lasts approx. 5 minutes.

40
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (DOSAGE)

A

Adult SQ/IM Epi-pen dose 0.3 mg.

41
Q

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Tremors, anxiety, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, anorexia, N/V, dyspnea, increases oxygen demand of the heart.

42
Q

Aspirin (TYPE OF DRUG)

A

Antiplatelet

43
Q

Aspirin (MOA)

A

Decreases platelet aggregation, decreases clotting.

44
Q

Aspirin (INDICATIONS)

A

MI and angina as approved by medical direction.

45
Q

Aspirin (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

A

GI bleed, allergy, hemophilia or other bleeding disorder, pregnancy, under 2 years old

46
Q

Aspirin (PRECAUTIONS)

A

Anemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gastritis, stomach ulcers.

47
Q

Aspirin (DOSAGE)

A

By mouth, dosage 3 - 4 81mg chewable tablets, max dose 324mg.

48
Q

Aspirin (SIDE EFFECTS)

A

Seizures, coma, GI bleeding, hepatitis and anaphylaxis.

49
Q
A

Pharmacology MEDIC (2 decks)

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