EMT Pharmacology

Question 1

Nitroglycerin (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 1

Vasodilator

Question 2

Nitroglycerin (MOA)

Answer 2

Dilates coronary arteries and veins, improves blood flow. Decreases oxygen demand of the heart.

Question 3

Nitroglycerin (INDICATIONS)

Answer 3

Treatment of angina pain and acute myocardial infarction, must be patient’s prescribed dosage and as approved by medical direction.

Question 4

Nitroglycerin (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 4

Cerebral hemorrhage, sexual enhancement drugs (Cialis/tadalafil, Viagra/sildenafil, ), hypotension-systolic blood pressure < 100.

Question 5

Nitroglycerin (DOSAGE)

Answer 5

Sublingual, 0.4 mg q 5 min. max dose 3 tabs.

Question 6

Nitroglycerin (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 6

Headache, flushing, dizziness, hypotension, and tachycardia.

Question 7

Activated charcoal (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 7

Adsorbent

Question 8

Activated charcoal (MOA)

Answer 8

Adsorbs toxic substances in the digestive tract.

Question 9

Activated charcoal (INDICATIONS)

Answer 9

Most oral poisonings, overdoses.

Question 10

Activated charcoal (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 10

Lowered LOC, OD of corrosives, caustics, or petroleum substances.

Question 11

Activated charcoal (PRECAUTIONS)

Answer 11

Vomiting.

Question 12

Activated charcoal (DOSAGE)

Answer 12

By mouth (PO); Adult and child; 50 grams, 1 - 2g/kg

Question 13

Activated charcoal (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 13

Nausea, vomiting, constipation, black stool.

Question 14

Oral glucose (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 14

Monosaccharide

Question 15

Oral glucose (MOA)

Answer 15

When absorbed, provides glucose for cell use.

Question 16

Oral glucose (INDICATIONS)

Answer 16

Altered mental status, blood sugar lower than 80 - hypoglycemia

Question 17

Oral glucose (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 17

Lowered LOC, nausea, vomiting, inability to swallow/no gag reflex.

Question 18

Oral glucose (PRECAUTIONS)

Answer 18

Patient must have control of the airway and be awake and able to follow commands.

Question 19

Oral glucose (DOSAGE)

Answer 19

By mouth (PO); 10 - 30g, max dose 30g (1-2 tubes)

Question 20

Oral glucose (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 20

Nausea, vomiting.

Question 21

Oxygen (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 21

Gas, inhaled

Question 22

Oxygen (MOA)

Answer 22

Reverses hypoxia.

Question 23

Oxygen (INDICATIONS)

Answer 23

Hypoxia and suspected hypoxia.

Question 24

Oxygen (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 24

Very rarely in patients with COPD. DO NOT use near open flames as O2 will support combustion. Never withhold O2 from a patient.

Question 25

Oxygen (PRECAUTIONS)

Answer 25

NO open flames nearby; DO NOT withhold O2 from patients in respiratory distress.

Question 26

Oxygen (DOSAGE)

Answer 26

Inhalation.

Question 27

Oxygen (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 27

Lowered respiratory drives in some patients with COPD.

Question 28

Albuterol (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 28

Adrenergic ß-₂ agonist, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator

Question 29

Albuterol (MOA)

Answer 29

Bronchodilator, stimulates ß-₂ adrenergic receptors of bronchial smooth muscle and lungs. Therapeutic up to 5 hours.

Question 30

Albuterol (INDICATIONS)

Answer 30

Asthma or acute bronchospasm

Question 31

Albuterol (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 31

Hypersensitivty to this drug and peanuts, tachydysrhythmias.

Question 32

Albuterol (PRECAUTIONS)

Answer 32

Cardiac disorders, hypertension. Beta-Blockers and Albuterol will inhibit each other. Administer cautiously to patients on MAO inhibitors or tricyclic anti-depressants.

Question 33

Albuterol (DOSAGE)

Answer 33

If \>1 year or \>10 kg: add 2.5 mg of Albuterol mixed in 3 ml of NS (0.083%) to nebulizer and flow oxygen at 6-8 liters/min. If \<1 year or \<10 kg: add 1.25 mg of Albuterol mixed in 1.5 ml of NS (0.083%) to nebulizer and flow oxygen at 3 liters/min. Delivered 5-15 minutes

Question 34

Albuterol (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 34

Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, hypertension, and angina CNS: Nervousness, tremor, headache, dizziness, and insomnia. GI: Drying of oropharynx, nausea, and vomiting, unusual taste.

Question 35

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 35

Bronchodilator, vasoconstrictor.

Question 36

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (MOA)

Answer 36

Stimulates nervous system, causing vasoconstriction and bronchodilation.

Question 37

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (INDICATIONS)

Answer 37

Anaphylaxis/severe allergic reactions. s/s of shock, hypotension, airway swelling or dyspnea.

Question 38

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 38

MI, hypothermia, hypertension.

Question 39

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (PRECAUTIONS)

Answer 39

Pregnancy, cardiac disorders, hypertension, geriatrics, medication only lasts approx. 5 minutes.

Question 40

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (DOSAGE)

Answer 40

Adult SQ/IM Epi-pen dose 0.3 mg.

Question 41

Epinephrine 1:1,000 (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 41

Tremors, anxiety, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, anorexia, N/V, dyspnea, increases oxygen demand of the heart.

Question 42

Aspirin (TYPE OF DRUG)

Answer 42

Antiplatelet

Question 43

Aspirin (MOA)

Answer 43

Decreases platelet aggregation, decreases clotting.

Question 44

Aspirin (INDICATIONS)

Answer 44

MI and angina as approved by medical direction.

Question 45

Aspirin (CONTRAINDICATIONS)

Answer 45

GI bleed, allergy, hemophilia or other bleeding disorder, pregnancy, under 2 years old

Question 46

Aspirin (PRECAUTIONS)

Answer 46

Anemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, gastritis, stomach ulcers.

Question 47

Aspirin (DOSAGE)

Answer 47

By mouth, dosage 3 - 4 81mg chewable tablets, max dose 324mg.

Question 48

Aspirin (SIDE EFFECTS)

Answer 48

Seizures, coma, GI bleeding, hepatitis and anaphylaxis.

Question 49

Answer 49