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block 2 EMT > EMT block 2 > Flashcards

EMT block 2 Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

inhalation

A

active muscular part of breathing

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2
Q

exhalation

A

passive process

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3
Q

respiration

A

gas exchange and removal of waste

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4
Q

exhaled air is ?

A

16% O2
3%-5% carbon dioxide
rest nitrogen

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5
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

process of moving air into and out of lungs, is necessary for oxygenation and respiration to occur

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6
Q

ulva

A

teardrop-shaped piece of soft tissue that hangs from back of throat,prevents food and liquid from going up your nose

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7
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped flap of cartilage, prevents food and liquid from entering the larynx during swallowing

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8
Q

pharynx is composed of ?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and

larynx

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9
Q

trachea or windpipe is?

A

C-shaped cartilaginous rings

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10
Q

phrenic nerve is found?

A

thorax in diaphragm muscle

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11
Q

during inspiration… (active process)

A

intercostal muscles move up and outward, diaphragm moves downward

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12
Q

Blood flow through…

A

heart Enters RA through Venae Cavae, Enters RV through Tricuspid Valve, Exits RV through Pulmonary Valve and Enters PA, PA sends to Lungs, Returns to Heart through PV into LA, Enters LV through Mitral Valve, Exits LV through Aortic Semilunar Valve to Enter Aorta, Aorta to Body

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13
Q

Normal respiratory rates

A

12-20 breaths/min in adults 12-40 breaths/min in children

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14
Q

abnormal breathing =

A 
crackles
stridor
wheezing
grunting 
absent breath sounds(silent chest)
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15
Q

RUQ

A

liver, stomach, gallbladder, duodenum, right kidney, pancreas, right adrenal gland

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16
Q

LUQ

A

liver, stomach, pancreas, left kidney, spleen, left adrenal gland;

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17
Q

RLQ

A

appendix, reproductive organs, right ureter

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18
Q

LLQ

A

left ureter, reproductive organs

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19
Q

Liver does what?

A

regulates most chemical levels in the blood and excretes a product called bile

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20
Q

pancreas does what?

A

plays essential role in converting food we eat into fuel for body’s cells

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21
Q

bile ducts…

A

transport bile

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22
Q

appendix does what?

A

designed to protect good bacteria in the gut

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23
Q

urinary system does what?

A

filters blood and creates urine as a waste by-product

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24
Q

gallbladder does what?

A

stores and concentrates bile

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25
Q

Anaerobic metabolism

A

temporary backup system to allow cells to function at low energy levels for a short time, use of fats/carbohydrates as an alternative fuel supply in the absence of oxygen results in buildup of lactic acid

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26
Q

Aerobic

metabolism

A

your body creates energy through the combustion of
carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats in the presence of oxygen: glycolysis, transition
reaction forming Acetyl Coenzyme A, citric acid(Krebs cycle), electron transport chain,
chemiosmosis

27
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

backup system” to control respiration, stimulates breathing when there is less oxygen, areas in the brain, walls of the aorta, carotid arteries act as oxygen sensors, easily satisfied by minimal levels of oxygen in the arterial blood

28
Q

activated charcoal

A

1 to 2 kg for adults

29
Q

MDI

A

1 to 2 inhalation

30
Q

Asprin

A

160 to 325 mg; 160-to-325-mg chewable tablets for chest pain

31
Q

epipen

A

0.3 Adults 0.15 children

32
Q

nitroglycerin

A

0.3-0.4 mg SL, 0.4 mg spray

33
Q

oral glucose gel(glutose)

A

1/2 to 1 tube

34
Q

naloxone(narcan)

A

2 mg IN or IM auto-injector

35
Q

alupent(metaproterenol)

A

used to treat wheezing and shortness of breath from lung problems such as asthma, COPD, bronchitis, and emphysema

36
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

the layers of tissue that cover the outer surface of most organs in the abdomen, including the intestines

37
Q

pariental pertonteum

A

is the portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

38
Q

Kussmaul respirations

A

body’s attempt to reduce acid level by releasing more carbon dioxide through the lungs; typically indication that the body or organs have become too acidic

39
Q

kidney does?

A

major regulators of blood pressure, fluid balance, electrolyte balance and acid-base homeostasis, rids the body of waste, stimulates red blood cell production, produces urine, controls balance of water and salt

40
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive disease of the joints that destroys cartilage, promotes the formation of bone spurs in joints, and leads to joint stiffness

41
Q

2 beta blockers

A

atenolol and metoprolol,

42
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

damage to heart muscle as result of high BP, heart valve disease or other causes

43
Q

V-tach

A

150-200 bpm

44
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles

45
Q

Meningitis

A

inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord

46
Q

Bones that form the pelvis

A

Bones that form the pelvis

47
Q

different layers of blood vessels

A

tunica intama
tunica media
tunica adventitia

48
Q

phrenic nerve

A

found in thorax responsible for diaphragm contraction

downward

49
Q

vegas nerve

A

connects the lungs

50
Q

functions of the chemo receptors medulla

A

indicate ph and breathing

51
Q

surfactants

A

makes breathing easier

-aide in perfusion and alveoli

52
Q

capnography

A

measures CO2 in exhaled air monitor ventilation

53
Q

guarding

A

pt will protect what is hurting them

54
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

an exaggeration of the normal decrease in systolic blood pressure that occurs with respiration(due to changes in the pressure within the chest)

55
Q

MRSA

A

staff bacterial infection

resistant to many antibiotics

56
Q

toxic induced hepatitis

A

not contagious & no vaccine causing liver disease pg.572

57
Q

viral hepatitis

A

chronic infection

A&B have a vaccine

58
Q

Treatment for gastric distention in a patient that’s receiving positive pressure ventilation?

A

Positive pressure in the thorax during ventilation impedes venous blood return to the right side of the heart, decreasing cardiac output. Excessive ventilation rates during positive pressure ventilation result in a decrease in cardiac output and perfusion.

59
Q

H.O.R.I.D

A

Heart Obstructive

60
Q

adventitious sounds=

A

abnormal breath sounds

61
Q

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure?

A

Dependent edema

62
Q

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

A

It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane

63
Q

The _____ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.

A

diaphragm

64
Q

The space between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis is called ____.

A

Vallecula

block 2 EMT (1 decks)

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