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EMT > EMT-Basic > Flashcards

EMT-Basic Flashcards

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1
Q

A 53-year-old female has intentionally ingested a large amount of Valium. The EMT would recognize that the medication is being absorbed into the body through what structure?

A

Small intine

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2
Q

Aspirin Contraindications

A

Allergy to drug and bleeding disorders

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3
Q

Aspirin Indications for use

A

S/S of ischemic chest pain and suspected myocardial infarction

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4
Q

Aspirin drug action

A

impede blood clotting by making platelets slippery

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5
Q

Perfusion Triangle

A

Heat (pump), Blood (content) and blood vessels (container)

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6
Q

Vasodilation

A

Dilation of blood vessels - reduces amount of blood returning to theheart.

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7
Q

Bronchoconstriction

A

Constriction of the bronchioles causes decreased movement of air in the lungs.

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8
Q

Normal blood glucose level

A

70 - 120mg

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9
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia

A

confusion, rapid respirations, pale, moist skin, diaphoresis, dizziness, fainting

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10
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

Develops in middle age and can be controlled with diet, activity and oral meds

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11
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

typically develops in childhood and requires daily insulin to control blood glucose.

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12
Q

Common causes of altered mental status

A

hypoglycemia, intoxication, drug overdose and poisoning

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13
Q

Transient ischemic attack

A

Normal body processes break up the blood clot, restoring blood flow and ending symptom in less than 24hrs

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14
Q

Three neurologic tests to perform if you suspect stroke

A

testing speech, facial movement and arm movement

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15
Q

Parts of the syringe and needle

A

plunger, barrel, tip, hub, shaft and bevel

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16
Q

Where do you inject the Epi-pen?

A

lateral thigh midway between waist and knee

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17
Q

Epinephrine dosage

A

adult 0.3mg

ped 0.15mg less than 60lbs

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18
Q

Epinephrine drug action

A

vasoconstriction and bronchodilator

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19
Q

Five Rights

A

Right Med, Right Patient, Right Route, Right dose and right date

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20
Q

AVPU

A

Alert, Verbal stimulus, painful stimulus and unresponsive

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21
Q

Floor of the skull

A

Basilar skull

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22
Q

Glucagon Dose

A

1mg

0.5mg ped under 44lbs

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23
Q

Glucagon Action

A

raises blood glucose by stimulating liver to release stored glycogen and converting fat proteins to glucose

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24
Q

Nitroglycerin Dose

A

0.4mg sublingually every 3-5min for 15 min

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25
Q

Nitroglycerin contraindications

A

Hypotension systolic under 100

Use of sildenafil

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26
Q

Nitrolglycein indications for use

A

Chest pain of cardiac origin and acute congestive failure

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27
Q

Nitrolglycerin action

A

Vasodilator and decreases venous return

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28
Q

Aspirin Dose

A

162- 324mg low dose chewable tablets

29
Q

A patient’s glucose (sugar) level in his blood begins to drop. What organ would be affected first?

A

Brain

30
Q

For the patient with a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?

A

The blood vessels are constricting

31
Q

The EMT exhibits and accurate understanding of breathing when he states:

A

Inhalation requires energy, while exhalation for post patients is a passive process.”

32
Q

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which one of the following occurs?

A

exhalation

33
Q

You are securing a patient to the long backboard. What indicates the appropriate order for securing the straps?

A

Chest, head, pelvis, legs

34
Q

You are performing a secondary assessment and are assessing your patient’s chest. What findings do you associate most with fracture of the ribs?

A

Paradoxical chest wall motion

35
Q

The left atrium:

A

Receives blood from the pulmonary veins.

36
Q

Stroke Volume

A

volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction

37
Q

Heart rate

A

the number of times the heart contracts in 1 minute.

38
Q

Cardiac output

A

amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in 1 minute

39
Q

Signs of adequate breathing

A

normal respiratory rate, clear and equal breath sounds, adequate air movement heard and felt from nose/mouth, good chest rise and fall

40
Q

Tachypnea

A

excessively rapid breathing rate

41
Q

Apnea

A

Patient stops breathing

42
Q

Respiratory failure

A

when respiratory rate and/or tidal volume is insufficient

43
Q

Agonal respirations

A

gasping type breaths, totally ineffective respirations

44
Q

Assess Circulation

A

Pulse - rate, quality and rhythm
Major bleeding
Skin - Color, temperature and condition

45
Q

Assess the head

A

deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, lacerations or swelling

46
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and the spinal cord

47
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries leads to hypoxia

48
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

A

sudden rupture of a portion of the visceral lining of the lung not caused by trauma, that causes the lung to partially collapse

49
Q

Simple partial seizures

A

Muscle twitching localized to one part of the body

Patient responsive and aware of occurrence

50
Q

Complex partial seizures

A

1-2 minute duration
Blank stare exhibited by patient
No response to commands

51
Q

Febrile seizures

A

Caused by rapid climb of high fever
Short in duration
Common in children

52
Q

Metabolic shock

A

Imbalance between production and elimination of acids, causing fluid imbalances and weakened vessel of the vascular system. Patients with diabetes are susceptible to this

53
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the lining of the peritoneum that can be life threatening

54
Q

Peritonitis s/s

A

Abdomen becomes rigid and painful

High fever and chills

55
Q

Inability of the heart to pump properly resulting in an excessive back up of fluids in either the lungs, extremities or both

A

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

56
Q

Fluid backs up into the lungs

A

Left side failure

57
Q

Fluid back up in the extremities

A

Right side failure

58
Q

Dilation or ballooning of a weakened section of the aorta

A

Aneurysm

59
Q

Vest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive adequate amounts of oxygen to meet the demands of the heart muscle

A

Angina pectoris

60
Q

Carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

A

Arteries

61
Q

Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein

62
Q

Clot migrates to a vessel in the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow resulting in a ventilation - perfusion mismatch

A

Pulmonary embolism

63
Q

Ipratropium drug action

A

Bronchodilator

64
Q

Ipratropium indications for use

A

Maintenance therapy in patients with copd

65
Q

Ipratropium contraindications

A

Allergy to drug, inability to use device

66
Q

Iprateopium dose

A

Adult 0.5mg nebulized with 2.5ml saline

Ped less than 12 yrs 0.25mg

67
Q

Sound that occurs when air is being forced through narrow airways. Common in asthma, allergic reactions, and partial airway obstruction.

A

Wheezing. Wheezing is continuous, high pitched musical squeak

68
Q

Fast pulse you should consider

A

Shock, anxiety, cardiac arrhythmia, hypoxia, exertion, fright, increased bp, first date of blood loss

69
Q

Pulse slow rate considerations

A

Intracranial pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, late hypoxia, spinal cord injury, head injury or gold physical condition

EMT (1 decks)

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