EMT-Basic Flashcards
A 53-year-old female has intentionally ingested a large amount of Valium. The EMT would recognize that the medication is being absorbed into the body through what structure?
Small intine
Aspirin Contraindications
Allergy to drug and bleeding disorders
Aspirin Indications for use
S/S of ischemic chest pain and suspected myocardial infarction
Aspirin drug action
impede blood clotting by making platelets slippery
Perfusion Triangle
Heat (pump), Blood (content) and blood vessels (container)
Vasodilation
Dilation of blood vessels - reduces amount of blood returning to theheart.
Bronchoconstriction
Constriction of the bronchioles causes decreased movement of air in the lungs.
Normal blood glucose level
70 - 120mg
S/S of hypoglycemia
confusion, rapid respirations, pale, moist skin, diaphoresis, dizziness, fainting
Type 2 diabetes
Develops in middle age and can be controlled with diet, activity and oral meds
Type 1 diabetes
typically develops in childhood and requires daily insulin to control blood glucose.
Common causes of altered mental status
hypoglycemia, intoxication, drug overdose and poisoning
Transient ischemic attack
Normal body processes break up the blood clot, restoring blood flow and ending symptom in less than 24hrs
Three neurologic tests to perform if you suspect stroke
testing speech, facial movement and arm movement
Parts of the syringe and needle
plunger, barrel, tip, hub, shaft and bevel
Where do you inject the Epi-pen?
lateral thigh midway between waist and knee
Epinephrine dosage
adult 0.3mg
ped 0.15mg less than 60lbs
Epinephrine drug action
vasoconstriction and bronchodilator
Five Rights
Right Med, Right Patient, Right Route, Right dose and right date
AVPU
Alert, Verbal stimulus, painful stimulus and unresponsive
Floor of the skull
Basilar skull
Glucagon Dose
1mg
0.5mg ped under 44lbs
Glucagon Action
raises blood glucose by stimulating liver to release stored glycogen and converting fat proteins to glucose
Nitroglycerin Dose
0.4mg sublingually every 3-5min for 15 min
Nitroglycerin contraindications
Hypotension systolic under 100
Use of sildenafil
Nitrolglycein indications for use
Chest pain of cardiac origin and acute congestive failure
Nitrolglycerin action
Vasodilator and decreases venous return
Aspirin Dose
162- 324mg low dose chewable tablets
A patient’s glucose (sugar) level in his blood begins to drop. What organ would be affected first?
Brain
For the patient with a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring?
The blood vessels are constricting
The EMT exhibits and accurate understanding of breathing when he states:
Inhalation requires energy, while exhalation for post patients is a passive process.”
When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which one of the following occurs?
exhalation
You are securing a patient to the long backboard. What indicates the appropriate order for securing the straps?
Chest, head, pelvis, legs
You are performing a secondary assessment and are assessing your patient’s chest. What findings do you associate most with fracture of the ribs?
Paradoxical chest wall motion
The left atrium:
Receives blood from the pulmonary veins.
Stroke Volume
volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle with each contraction
Heart rate
the number of times the heart contracts in 1 minute.
Cardiac output
amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle in 1 minute
Signs of adequate breathing
normal respiratory rate, clear and equal breath sounds, adequate air movement heard and felt from nose/mouth, good chest rise and fall
Tachypnea
excessively rapid breathing rate
Apnea
Patient stops breathing
Respiratory failure
when respiratory rate and/or tidal volume is insufficient
Agonal respirations
gasping type breaths, totally ineffective respirations
Assess Circulation
Pulse - rate, quality and rhythm
Major bleeding
Skin - Color, temperature and condition
Assess the head
deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures, burns, lacerations or swelling
cerebrospinal fluid
clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and the spinal cord
Pulmonary embolism
obstruction of blood flow in the pulmonary arteries leads to hypoxia
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
sudden rupture of a portion of the visceral lining of the lung not caused by trauma, that causes the lung to partially collapse
Simple partial seizures
Muscle twitching localized to one part of the body
Patient responsive and aware of occurrence
Complex partial seizures
1-2 minute duration
Blank stare exhibited by patient
No response to commands
Febrile seizures
Caused by rapid climb of high fever
Short in duration
Common in children
Metabolic shock
Imbalance between production and elimination of acids, causing fluid imbalances and weakened vessel of the vascular system. Patients with diabetes are susceptible to this
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the lining of the peritoneum that can be life threatening
Peritonitis s/s
Abdomen becomes rigid and painful
High fever and chills
Inability of the heart to pump properly resulting in an excessive back up of fluids in either the lungs, extremities or both
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Fluid backs up into the lungs
Left side failure
Fluid back up in the extremities
Right side failure
Dilation or ballooning of a weakened section of the aorta
Aneurysm
Vest pain that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive adequate amounts of oxygen to meet the demands of the heart muscle
Angina pectoris
Carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body
Arteries
Carries oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary vein
Clot migrates to a vessel in the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow resulting in a ventilation - perfusion mismatch
Pulmonary embolism
Ipratropium drug action
Bronchodilator
Ipratropium indications for use
Maintenance therapy in patients with copd
Ipratropium contraindications
Allergy to drug, inability to use device
Iprateopium dose
Adult 0.5mg nebulized with 2.5ml saline
Ped less than 12 yrs 0.25mg
Sound that occurs when air is being forced through narrow airways. Common in asthma, allergic reactions, and partial airway obstruction.
Wheezing. Wheezing is continuous, high pitched musical squeak
Fast pulse you should consider
Shock, anxiety, cardiac arrhythmia, hypoxia, exertion, fright, increased bp, first date of blood loss
Pulse slow rate considerations
Intracranial pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, late hypoxia, spinal cord injury, head injury or gold physical condition
