EMT - Basic

Question 1

Acetaminophen

Answer 1

(Tylenol)

Indication: prevention of febrile seizures
Adult: not indicated
Pedi: 10-15mg/kg orally, not to exceed 50mg/kg/24hrs

Question 2

Acetylsalicylic Acid

Answer 2

(Aspirin)

Indication: acute coronary syndrome
Adult: 324mg orally (prefer chewable)
Pedi: not indicated

Question 3

Activated Charcoal

Answer 3

(Actidose-Aqua)

Indication: certain poisonings
Adult & Pedi: 1g/kg PO

Question 4

Albuterol

Answer 4

(Proventil, Ventolin, Proair, Accuneb)

Indication: reversible airway obstruction (asthma, COPD)
Adult: 2.5-5mg (up to 10mg) in 3ml NS nebulized over 5-15min, may be repeated as necessary
Pedi: 1.25-2.5mg (up to 5mg) in 3ml NS nebulized over 5-15min, may be repeated as necessary

Question 5

Atropine Sulfate

Answer 5

Indication: chemical and/ or nerve agent exposure (organophosphates)
Adult & Pedi: as prepared in auto-injector only
(dose is 2mg in Mark 1)

Question 6

Dextrose

Answer 6

(Glucose)

Indication: hypoglycemia
Adult & Pedi: 12.5-25gm of paste (oral glucose)

Question 7

Epinephrine

Answer 7

(Adrelanine)

Indication: anaphylaxis or refractory status asthmaticus
Adult: 0.3mg of 1:1000 (1mg:1ml) IM
Pedi: 0.01mg/kg of 1:1000 (1mg:1ml) IM to max dose 0.3mg

*Epi-Pen dose is 0.3mg, Epi-Pemn Junior dose is 0.15mg

Question 8

Ipratropium

Answer 8

(Atrovent)

Indication: asthma/ COPD and in combination with beta agonist (albuterol)
Adult: 1-2 inhalations via MDI or 250-500mcg nebulized
Pedi: not indicated

Question 9

Levalbuterol

Answer 9

(Xopenex)

Indication: reversible airway obstruction (asthma, COPD)
Adult: 1.25mg in 3ml NS nebulized over 5-15min, may be repeated as necessary
Pedi: 0.63-1.25 in 3ml NS nebulized over 5-15min, may be repeated as necessary

Question 10

Naloxone

Answer 10

(Narcan)

Indication: to reverse effects of narcotics
Adult: 2mg (1mg per naris) IN or 0.4-2mg IM, may be repeated at 2-3 minutes if needed
Pedi <5yrs or <20kg: 0.1mg/kg IM, may be repeated at 0.1mg/kg if no response
Pedi >5yrs or >20kg: 2mg IM, may be repeated at 0.1mg/kg if no response

Question 11

Nitroglycerin

Answer 11

(Nitrostat, Nitrolingual Pumpspray, NitroQuick)

Indications: chest pain, CHF with severe pulmonary edema
Adult: 0.3-0.4mg SL (tab or spray) , repeat at 3-5min for total of 3 doses
Pedi: not indicated

*must be patient’s own medication and with direction of on-line medical control only

Question 12

Ibuprofen

Answer 12

(Advil, Motrin)

Indications: fever and/ or pain
Adult: 10mg/kg up to 800mg PO
Pedi >6 months: 10mg/kg up to 800mg PO, dosing must be at least 6 hours apart
Pedi <6 months: not indicated

Question 13

Oxygen

Answer 13

Indications: hypoxia, respiratory distress, acute coronary syndrome, shock, trauma, CO poisoning

Low flow at 1-2LPM via NC: patients with chronic lung disease with unusual dyspnea or other problems

Moderate flow at 4-6LPM via NC: precautionary use for trauma, chest pain, etc.

High flow at 10-15LPM via NRB: severe respiratory distress, either medical or traumatic, shock, or at providers discretion

Question 14

Pralidoxime

Answer 14

(2Pam)

Indication: organophosphate pesticide or nerve agent poisoning after Atropine has been administered or unknown cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning
Adult: as prepared in auto-injector only, may be repeated in 3-5min as needed
(dose is 600mg in Mark 1 Kit)
Pedi: not listed