EMT 254

Question 1

Automaticity

Answer 1

pacemaker cells can create their own electrical impulses

Question 2

Excitability

Answer 2

ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus

Question 3

Conductivity

Answer 3

ability for cardiac cells to receive an electrical stimulus and transmit it to other cardiac cells

Question 4

Contractility

Answer 4

ability for cardiac cells to shorten and cause cardiac contraction

Question 5

Myocardial cells are responsible for:

Answer 5

generating the physical contraction of the heart muscle

Question 6

Pacemaker cells are responsible for:

Answer 6

controlling the rate and rhythm of the heart

Question 7

Pacemaker cells have the ability to:

Answer 7

create their own electrical impulse without being stimulated

Question 8

The three major cations that effect cardiac function:

Answer 8

Potassium (K), Sodium (Na) and Calcium (Ca)

Question 9

Primary cations inside the cell:

Answer 9

Potassium, magnesium and calcium

Question 10

A major cation outside the cell:

Answer 10

Sodium

Question 11

At the resting state:

Answer 11

Potassium is greater inside the cell

Sodium is greater outside the cell

Question 12

Cardiac depolarization it’s thought of as:

Answer 12

the period in which sodium ions rush into the cell

Question 13

Sodium – potassium pump:

Answer 13

sodium returns outside of the cell and potassium returns inside the cell

Question 14

The two stages of repolarization:

Answer 14

Absolutely refractory period (cell is unable to respond to a new electrical stimulus) from QRS - peak of T-wave
Relative refractory period (went repolarization is almost complete, the cell can be stimulated if the stimulus is stronger than normal), downward slope of the T-wave

Question 15

5 step approach to reading ECG’s:

Answer 15

Herat rate, Heart rhythm, P-wave, PR Interval, QRS complex

Question 16

PR Interval

Answer 16

0.12-0.20

Question 17

QRS Interval

Question 18

P-wave

Answer 18

Impulse spreads across the atria and triggers atrial contraction

Question 19

QRS Complex

Answer 19

Impulse spreads across to ventricles, triggering ventricle contraction

Question 20

T-wave

Answer 20

Ventricle returning to resting state

Question 21

Which are bipolar leads

Answer 21

Leads I, II, III

Question 22

V1 Placement

Answer 22

4th intercostal space, right of the sternum

Question 23

V2 Placement

Answer 23

4th intercostal space, left of the sternum

Question 24

V3 Placement

Answer 24

5th intercostal space, 1/2 way between V2 and V3

Question 25

V4 Placement

Answer 25

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular

Question 26

V5 Placement

Answer 26

5th intercostal space, left anterior axillary line

Question 27

V6 Placement

Answer 27

5th intercostal space, left midaxillary line

Question 28

What are the two leads used to access for axis deviation and what are you looking for:

Answer 28

I and aVF

The deflection of the QRS complex

Question 29

What are the LCA’s:

Answer 29

Left Anterior Descending, Circumflex, marginal

Question 30

What are theRCA’s:

Answer 30

Posterior descending, Marginal

Question 31

Subendocardial infarctions:

Answer 31

Only a portion of the ventricle wall is involved, most commonly the subendocardial
* also known as nontransmural

Question 32

Transmural infarctions:

Answer 32

Involve the entire thickness of the ventricle wall, from endocardium to the epicardial surface

Question 33

Blue-bloaters

Answer 33

Chronic Bronchitis Pt, hypoxia and fluid retention

Question 34

Pink-Puffers

Answer 34

Emphysema Pt, red faces during forced exhalation

Question 35

Spontaneous Pneumothorax happens mostly to who:

Answer 35

seemingly healthy individuals 20-40, often tall men with long narrow chest

Question 36

Type 1 and 2 blocks have what kind of QRS:

Answer 36

Narrow

Question 37

Type 3 blocks have what kind of QRS:

Answer 37

Wide

Question 38

Axis deviation is read from which two leads:

Answer 38

I and aVF