EMT 230 Review

Question 1

Ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to generate their own electrical impulses spontaneously without external (or nervous) stimulation

Answer 1

Automaticity

Question 2

Distribute the electrical impulse throughout the atria & transmitter the impulse from the SA node to the AV node

Answer 2

Internodal pathways, (Internodal tracts)

Question 3

Middle arterial wall layer, comprised of smooth muscle, elastic, & collagen

Answer 3

Tunics media

Question 4

Furosemide (Lasix) Class: ???

Answer 4

Loop diuretic

Question 5

In the event of 1 or more coronary vessels become blocked an alternative route of blood flow is called

Answer 5

Anastomosis (collateral circulation)

Question 6

What branch of the left coronary artery supply blood to the lateral wall of the left ventricle

Answer 6

Marginal

Question 7

What do you do if your patient is bradycardic with a pulse & atropine is ineffective

Answer 7

Transcutaneous pacing

Question 8

The best position for a patient with chest pain

Answer 8

Semi-fowlers

Question 9

Sometimes seen after the T wave & represents Repolarization of the Purkinje fibers

Answer 9

U wave

Question 10

During the initial phase of the Q-T interval, the heart is completely unable to respond to electrical stimuli

Answer 10

Absolute refractory period

Question 11

From the peak of the T wave onward, the heart may be able to respond to premature stimuli

Answer 11

Relative refractory period

Question 12

The more the myocardial fibers are stretched (up to a certain point) the more forceful the contraction will be

Answer 12

Sterling’s Law of the heart

Question 13

The ion required for contraction of cardiac muscle

Answer 13

Calcium

Question 14

The 1st positive deflection on the ECG which represents atrial Depolarization

Answer 14

P wave

Question 15

Standard limb leads I,II,& III are also called

Answer 15

Bipolar leads

Question 16

Septal MIs are viewed in leads

Answer 16

V1, V2

Question 17

The sympathetic nervous system has 2 types of receptor fibers at the nerve endings

Answer 17

Alpha & beta receptors

Question 18

The chemical neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

Norepinephrine

Question 19

Lead I

Answer 19

Left arm (+), right arm (-)

Question 20

Lead II

Answer 20

Left leg (+), right arm (-)

Question 21

Lead III

Answer 21

Left leg (+), left arm (-)

Question 22

Deep & symmetrically inverted T wave may indicate

Answer 22

Cardiac ischemia

Question 23

ECG tracing is only a reflection of the

Answer 23

Electrical activity of the heart

Question 24

An ECG does not provide information on mechanical events such as

Answer 24

Force of contraction, or blood pressure

Question 25

What drug is likely lethal for ventricular escape rhythm

Answer 25

Lidocaine

Question 26

Which branch of the left coronary artery extends around the posterior side of the heart

Answer 26

Circumflex branch

Question 27

R-R method 2 for heart rate

Answer 27

Count large squares between two R peaks divide into 300

Question 28

R-R method 3 for heart rate

Answer 28

Count small squares between two R waves & divide into 1500

Question 29

Correctable causes of PEA

Answer 29

Cardiac tampons, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, MI, hypoglycemia, acidosis, hyper/hypokalemia, hypothermia, & overdoses

Question 30

Less collectable causes of PEA

Answer 30

Massive MI damage from infarction, prolonged ischemia during resuscitation, profound hypovolemia, & massive pulmonary embolism

Question 31

MI blood work indications

Answer 31

High Risk: elevated troponin I or T

Low Risk: elevated CK-MB