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EMT 230-2 > EMT 230 > Flashcards

EMT 230 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Ethics Definition

A

The discipline relating to right and wrong. A standard for honorable behavior designed by a group with expected conformity

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2
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously generate their own electrical impulses without external (or nervous) stimulation

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3
Q

What angle is the head at when assessing for JVD?

A

45 degrees

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4
Q

What do the marginal arteries branch off of?

A

Left and Right Coronary Arteries

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5
Q

What is the treatment for an unresponsive, brady pt?

A

Pacing

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6
Q

What is the T wave?

A

Positive upward deflection of the T wave reflects repolarization of the ventricles

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7
Q

If pt is in condition PEA, do you pace?

A

No, treat as if asystole

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8
Q

Define Inotropy

A

Force of cardiac contractions

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9
Q

Sterling’s Law?

A

The more the heart is stretch the greater it contracts (to a certain point)

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10
Q

SA node intrinsic firing rate?

A

60-100

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11
Q

What does an EKG measure?

A

Rate, rhythm, electrical voltage but not how much Cardiac output there is

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12
Q

What is the P wave representing?

A

Atrial depolarization

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13
Q

What is the most likely cause of a 2nd degree type II heart block?

A

Septal MI

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14
Q

What are leads I, II, III known as?

A

Bipolar leads

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15
Q

Sinus tachycardia is most likely caused by?

A

Increased sympathetic stimulation

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16
Q

What does an ACE inhibitor do?

A

Prevents angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II. Lowers BP

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17
Q

What does ST segment depression indicate?

A

Myocardial ischemia

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18
Q

As a medic, who do you have a legal responsibility to?

A

Patient, Employer, Medical director, and public

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19
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

Vena Cava and coronary veins

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20
Q

How do we treat AFib?

A

Calcium Channel blocker (verapamil, lidocaine, diltazem, cardizem, amio)

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21
Q

What kind of lung sounds are expected from a CHF patient?

A

Crackles, wheezing, rhonchi

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22
Q

Stroke Vol x Heart Rate = ?

A

Cardiac output

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of death for those experiencing a heart attack?

A

Lethal dysrhythmias

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24
Q

After the pacer pads are placed on the patient you should?

A

Select the rate

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25
Maintenance infusion post ROSC for amiodarone?
1 mg/min for 6 hours. Then up to 0.5 mg/min for up to 18 hours.
26
Maintenance infusion post ROSC for lidocaine?
2-4mg/min
27
Venous return is important for stroke volume because?
It determines the preload
28
Atherosclerosis definition
Narrowing of medium and large lumen with fatty deposits
29
Other than oxygen what is one of the first things to give to a pt having a heart attack?
Aspirin
30
Why do we give Morphine to someone with a heart attack?
Allows for venous pooling, decreases the oxygen demand on the heart
31
Why do we give atropine fast?
Slow will cause rebound bradycardia
32
When semilunar valves close you hear?
S2
33
Cardiac plexus is?
Network of nerves that innervate near the aorta
34
Pericordial, Unipolar leads are?
V1-V6
35
Augmented, Unipolar leads are?
aVR, aVF, aVL
36
Common beta blockers end in?
olol
37
ACE Inhibitors?
Lisinopril, -pril
38
5 + 3 is?
Rate, rhythm, P wave, PR interval, QRS | ST elevation, ST Depression, q wave
39
Potassium Channel blocker
Amiodarone (300mg, 150mg) | Lidocaine (1-1.5mg/kg max 3mg)
40
Definitive diagnosis for cardiac events?
Lab values. Troponin values greater than 0.01
41
Spodick's sign?
Pericarditis. Downsloping TP segment.
42
Layers of heart
Inside: Endocardium Middle: Myocardium Outside: Epicardium
43
Excitability
The ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus
44
Conductivity
The ability of cardiac cells to receive an electrical stimulus and to then transmit the stimulus to other cardiac cells
45
Contractility
The ability of cardiac cells to shorten and cause cardiac muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulus
46
What happens during depolarization?
Sodium rushes in, potassium rushes out
47
What happens during repolarization?
Potassium rushes in, sodium rushes out
48
RBBB Identification?
Waveforms look like M (look in septal leads)
49
LBBB Identification?
Waveforms look like W (look in septal leads)
50
Typically transient heart blocks?
1st degree. Fixed elongated PR, does not drop beats | 2nd degree type I: Increasing PR, Drops QRS
51
Not transient heart blocks?
2nd degree type II: fixed PR, Drops QRS | 3rd degree: regular but independent P waves and QRS complexes
52
Junctional Rhythms will have?
Inverted P waves or absent p waves
53
Junctional Rates
Junctional: 40-60 Accelerated Junctional: 60-100 Junctional tachycardia >100
54
Left Coronary artery branches
Left anterior descending artery, Marginal, Circumflex
55
Right coronary artery branches
Posterior descending, marginal
56
Parasympathetic Electrical impulse path
``` Brain Spinal Cord Preganglion Neuron Cholinergic fibers Acetylcholine Synapse Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors Post ganglion neuron Cholinergic Fibers Acetylcholine Neuro effector junction Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors Effector organ/muscle ```
57
Sympathetic Electrical Impulse path
``` Brain Spinal Cord Preganglion neuron Cholinergic Fibers Acetylcholine Synapse Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors Post Ganglion Neuron Adrenergic Fibers Norepinephrine Neuro Effector Junction Adrenergic Receptors (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2) Effector organ/muscle ```
58
Drop of Blood
``` Inferior/superior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid Valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary arteries Lungs Pulmonary Veins Left atrium Bicuspid/mitral valve left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta ```
59
Breath of Air
``` Nose Nasopharynx Oropharynx Epiglottis Laryngopharnx Vocal cords Larynx Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli ```
60
Somatic Nerve Impulse
``` Brain Spinal Cord Neuron Cholinergic Fibers Acetylcholine Neuro-effector junction Nicotinic cholinergic receptors Effector organ/muscle ```
61
Heart Impulse Path
``` SA Node Intranodal and intra-artial pathways Atrio-ventricular node Bundle of His Right bundle branch and left bundle branche (left anterior and left posterior fascicle) Purkinje Fibers ```
62
Chronotropic
heart rate
63
Inotropic
Force of contraction
64
Dromotropic
Conduction speed

EMT 230-2 (1 decks)

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