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EMT 230-2 > EMT 230 > Flashcards

EMT 230 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ethics Definition

A

The discipline relating to right and wrong. A standard for honorable behavior designed by a group with expected conformity

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2
Q

Automaticity

A

The ability of cardiac pacemaker cells to spontaneously generate their own electrical impulses without external (or nervous) stimulation

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3
Q

What angle is the head at when assessing for JVD?

A

45 degrees

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4
Q

What do the marginal arteries branch off of?

A

Left and Right Coronary Arteries

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5
Q

What is the treatment for an unresponsive, brady pt?

A

Pacing

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6
Q

What is the T wave?

A

Positive upward deflection of the T wave reflects repolarization of the ventricles

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7
Q

If pt is in condition PEA, do you pace?

A

No, treat as if asystole

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8
Q

Define Inotropy

A

Force of cardiac contractions

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9
Q

Sterling’s Law?

A

The more the heart is stretch the greater it contracts (to a certain point)

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10
Q

SA node intrinsic firing rate?

A

60-100

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11
Q

What does an EKG measure?

A

Rate, rhythm, electrical voltage but not how much Cardiac output there is

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12
Q

What is the P wave representing?

A

Atrial depolarization

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13
Q

What is the most likely cause of a 2nd degree type II heart block?

A

Septal MI

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14
Q

What are leads I, II, III known as?

A

Bipolar leads

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15
Q

Sinus tachycardia is most likely caused by?

A

Increased sympathetic stimulation

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16
Q

What does an ACE inhibitor do?

A

Prevents angiotensin I from becoming angiotensin II. Lowers BP

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17
Q

What does ST segment depression indicate?

A

Myocardial ischemia

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18
Q

As a medic, who do you have a legal responsibility to?

A

Patient, Employer, Medical director, and public

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19
Q

Where does the right atrium receive blood from?

A

Vena Cava and coronary veins

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20
Q

How do we treat AFib?

A

Calcium Channel blocker (verapamil, lidocaine, diltazem, cardizem, amio)

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21
Q

What kind of lung sounds are expected from a CHF patient?

A

Crackles, wheezing, rhonchi

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22
Q

Stroke Vol x Heart Rate = ?

A

Cardiac output

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23
Q

What is the most common cause of death for those experiencing a heart attack?

A

Lethal dysrhythmias

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24
Q

After the pacer pads are placed on the patient you should?

A

Select the rate

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25
Q

Maintenance infusion post ROSC for amiodarone?

A

1 mg/min for 6 hours. Then up to 0.5 mg/min for up to 18 hours.

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26
Q

Maintenance infusion post ROSC for lidocaine?

A

2-4mg/min

27
Q

Venous return is important for stroke volume because?

A

It determines the preload

28
Q

Atherosclerosis definition

A

Narrowing of medium and large lumen with fatty deposits

29
Q

Other than oxygen what is one of the first things to give to a pt having a heart attack?

A

Aspirin

30
Q

Why do we give Morphine to someone with a heart attack?

A

Allows for venous pooling, decreases the oxygen demand on the heart

31
Q

Why do we give atropine fast?

A

Slow will cause rebound bradycardia

32
Q

When semilunar valves close you hear?

A

S2

33
Q

Cardiac plexus is?

A

Network of nerves that innervate near the aorta

34
Q

Pericordial, Unipolar leads are?

A

V1-V6

35
Q

Augmented, Unipolar leads are?

A

aVR, aVF, aVL

36
Q

Common beta blockers end in?

A

olol

37
Q

ACE Inhibitors?

A

Lisinopril, -pril

38
Q

5 + 3 is?

A

Rate, rhythm, P wave, PR interval, QRS

ST elevation, ST Depression, q wave

39
Q

Potassium Channel blocker

A

Amiodarone (300mg, 150mg)

Lidocaine (1-1.5mg/kg max 3mg)

40
Q

Definitive diagnosis for cardiac events?

A

Lab values. Troponin values greater than 0.01

41
Q

Spodick’s sign?

A

Pericarditis. Downsloping TP segment.

42
Q

Layers of heart

A

Inside: Endocardium
Middle: Myocardium
Outside: Epicardium

43
Q

Excitability

A

The ability of cardiac cells to respond to an electrical stimulus

44
Q

Conductivity

A

The ability of cardiac cells to receive an electrical stimulus and to then transmit the stimulus to other cardiac cells

45
Q

Contractility

A

The ability of cardiac cells to shorten and cause cardiac muscle contraction in response to electrical stimulus

46
Q

What happens during depolarization?

A

Sodium rushes in, potassium rushes out

47
Q

What happens during repolarization?

A

Potassium rushes in, sodium rushes out

48
Q

RBBB Identification?

A

Waveforms look like M (look in septal leads)

49
Q

LBBB Identification?

A

Waveforms look like W (look in septal leads)

50
Q

Typically transient heart blocks?

A

1st degree. Fixed elongated PR, does not drop beats

2nd degree type I: Increasing PR, Drops QRS

51
Q

Not transient heart blocks?

A

2nd degree type II: fixed PR, Drops QRS

3rd degree: regular but independent P waves and QRS complexes

52
Q

Junctional Rhythms will have?

A

Inverted P waves or absent p waves

53
Q

Junctional Rates

A

Junctional: 40-60
Accelerated Junctional: 60-100
Junctional tachycardia >100

54
Q

Left Coronary artery branches

A

Left anterior descending artery, Marginal, Circumflex

55
Q

Right coronary artery branches

A

Posterior descending, marginal

56
Q

Parasympathetic Electrical impulse path

A 
Brain
Spinal Cord
Preganglion Neuron
Cholinergic fibers
Acetylcholine
Synapse
Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors
Post ganglion neuron
Cholinergic Fibers
Acetylcholine
Neuro effector junction
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors
Effector organ/muscle
57
Q

Sympathetic Electrical Impulse path

A 
Brain
Spinal Cord
Preganglion neuron
Cholinergic Fibers
Acetylcholine
Synapse
Nicotinic Cholinergic Receptors
Post Ganglion Neuron
Adrenergic Fibers
Norepinephrine
Neuro Effector Junction
Adrenergic Receptors (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2)
Effector organ/muscle
58
Q

Drop of Blood

A 
Inferior/superior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Left atrium
Bicuspid/mitral valve
left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
59
Q

Breath of Air

A 
Nose
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Epiglottis
Laryngopharnx
Vocal cords
Larynx
Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
60
Q

Somatic Nerve Impulse

A 
Brain
Spinal Cord
Neuron
Cholinergic Fibers
Acetylcholine
Neuro-effector junction
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors
Effector organ/muscle
61
Q

Heart Impulse Path

A 
SA Node
Intranodal and intra-artial pathways
Atrio-ventricular node
Bundle of His
Right bundle branch and left bundle branche (left anterior and left posterior fascicle)
Purkinje Fibers
62
Q

Chronotropic

A

heart rate

63
Q

Inotropic

A

Force of contraction

64
Q

Dromotropic

A

Conduction speed

EMT 230-2 (1 decks)

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