EMT 224 Review Flashcards
Which of the following is NOT found in patient with hypoglycemia? A) Tachycardia B) Diaphoresis C) Flushed skin D) Pale skin
C) Flushed skin
You are called to provide care for an unresponsive 64 yo male. His wife tells you that he complained of a severe headache and then immediately collapsed. Your patient is MOST likely suffering from a/an: A) Embolic stroke B) Cluster headache C) Trombotic stroke D) Hemorrhagic stroke
D) Hemorrhagic stroke
Which of the following medications administered by EMS has the greatest potential to cause an immediate outcome?
A) Dextrose in cases of hypoglycemia
B) Epinephrine in cases of cardiac arrest
C) Amiodarone in cases of cardiac arrest
D) Dopamine in cases of cardiogenic shock
A) Dextrose in cases of hypoglycemia
You arrive on scene of an unresponsive female who is barely breathing. Witness stated she just stopped seizing before you arrived. Which information will be MOST useful to the providers if available?
A) Bystanders’ detailed description of seizure activity
B) Additional information from 911 dispatch center
C) Locating a medical alert bracelet on the patient’s wrist
D) information from a friend who says the patient smokes alot
C) Locating a medical alert bracelet on the patient’s wrist
Which diagnostic test should be a routine part of an assessment in any patient with an altered mental status? A) Babinski reflex B) Blood glucose measurement C) Breathalyzer D) Orthostatic vital signs
B) Blood glucose measurement
You are assessing a 27 yo who is complaining of severe abdominal pain. Which of the following should you view as a worst case scenario as you develop you differential diagnosis ? A) Miscarriage B) Ovarian cyst C) Endometriosis D) Ectopic pregnancy
D) Ectopic pregnancy
Which of the following would be the BEST definition of renal calculi?
A) A hardening of the renal tissue
B) Blockages occurring in the urethra
C) Infection of the nephrons and surrounding tissue
D) Crystal aggregation in the kidney collection system
D) Crystal aggregation in the kidney collection system
When does non-oliguria failure occur?
A) The condition is chronic
B) The patient excretes more than 500 ml/day of urine
C) The patient will not benefit from dialysis
D) urine is produced but is not removed from the kidneys
B) The patient excretes more than 500 ml/day of urine
You are called to the scene of a 57 YO male patient with a 5 day history of abdominal pain, heartburn and fever. Which of the following would you MOST likely select for a field diagnosis?
A) Cardiac ischemia
B) Esophageal varices
C) H-pyloric caused chronic gastroenteritis
D) Salmonella caused acute gastroenteritis
C) H-pyloric caused chronic gastroenteritis
Which of the following would be the most consistent with signs and symptoms of Hep C?
A) Polyuria, back pain and vomiting
B) Jaundice, fatigue anemia and photophobia
C) Dark urine, abdominal pain, jaundice and fatigue
D) Distended abdomen, jaundice nausea and fatigue
C) Dark urine, abdominal pain, jaundice and fatigue
You are called to treat a patient with a history of Crohn's disease who is unresponsive, tachycardia, pale, cool, clammy, and hypotensive. The patient had diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Which of the following will MOST improve patient responsiveness? A) Fluid resuscitation B) Oxygen administration C) Dextrose administration D) Antipasmodic administration
C) Dextrose administration
What is the MOST appropriate name for the types of cerebral vascular incident where all symptoms resolve within 24 hours of onset? A) Transient ischemic attack B) Hemorrhagic stroke C) Thrombotic stroke D) Embolic stroke
A) Transient ischemic attack
You are called to assess and treat a 57-year-old male complaining of a severe headache, vomitng, visual disturbances and left sided paralysis. The patient’s pulse is 56 and his blood pressure is 220/160. He is supposed to take “blood pressure” medication, but he did not care for the side effects. Which of the following is your MOST important intervention for this patient?
A) Administration of Nifedipine
B) Administration of antiemetics
C) Hyperventilation with supplemental oxygen
D) Rapid transportation to an emergency department
D) Rapid transportation to an emergency department
A 38 YO female reports that she is having an auditory aura. This is a warning sign of which impending conditions? A) Hemorrhagic stroke B) Cerebral embolism C) Brain tumor D) Seizure
D) Seizure
What is the difference that separates a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a stroke?
A) Patients undergoing a TIA have no real risk for having a stroke
B) Patients undergoing a TIA exhibit only weakness and paralysis
C) The signs and symptoms of a TIA resolve within 24 hours
D) The only mechanism of a TIA is occlusive injury
C) The signs and symptoms of a TIA resolve within 24 hours
Your 62-year-old patient developed a sudden onset of left-sided weakness 20 minutes ago. She is very anxious, crying and is difficult to manage. Her vital signs are: BP-168/100, P-108 R, Resp-20/min and Pox-98% RA. Which intervention is most critical?
A) Administer Diazepam 5 mg
B) Provide oxygen 15 LPM by nonrebreather mask
C) Administer Nitro (0.4) SL
D) Alert the stroke team and provide rapid transport to a stroke center
D) Alert the stroke team and provide rapid transport to a stroke center
What are Glyburide and Glipizide examples of? A) Ingestible insulin B) Oral hypoglycemic agent C) Anti-hypoglycemic D) Injectable insulin
B) Oral hypoglycemic agent
What does Addison's disease cause a deficiency in? A) Epinephrine and norepinephrine B) Insulin and glucagon C) Acetylcholine and dopamine D) Cortisol and aldosterone
D) Cortisol and aldosterone
Paramedics are called to treat an unconscious patient with a known history of diabetes and alcoholism. The patient's friend reports that he didn't eat all day while they were a!ending a tailgate party. Paramedics note that he has an insulin pump in place. Before administering dextrose, what should the paramedic consider administering? A) Flumazenil B) Insulin C) Thiamine D) Glucagon
C) Thiamine
A patient taking Beta Blockers who is suffering with anaphylaxis and does not respond to epinephrine should be given which medication? A) Methylprednisolone B) Albuterol C) Glucagon D) Diphenhydramine
C) Glucagon
About \_\_% of the white blood cell are lymphocytes. A) 30 B) 35 C) 20 D) 25
D) 25
Which is released by mast cells and basophils? A) Leukotrienes B) Histamine C) Basophils D) Eosinophils
B) Histamine
Hep B is most commonly spread through which method? A) Airborne exposure B) Blood or serum secretions C) Oral/fecal transmission D) Bacterial infection
B) Blood or serum secretions
What is a characteristic of gastroenteritis?
A) An inflammation of the stomach and the intestine
B) Caused by influenza virus
C) Has slow onset and causes intestinal cramping but rarely vomiting or diarrhea
D) Limited primarily to small children
A) An inflammation of the stomach and the intestine
You might suspect a patient has Cholecystitis if pain is experienced in which quadrant? A) RLQ B) RUQ C) LLQ D) LUQ
B) RUQ
How is pain associated with a kidney stone described? A) Excruciating pain B) Throbbing pain C) Moderate pain D) Dull pain
A) Excruciating pain
Paramedics are dispatched to the home of a 54-year-old male with a history of kidney failure. On arrival, the patient states that he receives 4 to 5 hours of dialysis 3 days per week. He called 911 today because his internal shunt is painful and red at the access site. Given this patient’s history, what can paramedics conclude about the patient?
A) An insulin dependent diabetic
B) In early renal failure
C) On dialysis as a result of trauma to the kidneys
D) In late stage renal failure
D) In late stage renal failure
Which statement is true of UTIs?
A) Many contraceptive devices help kill the causative agents of UTIs
B) UTIs commonly occur when enteric flora enter the urethra
C) UTIs are more common in men than in women
D) UTIs are rarely caused by STDs
B) UTIs commonly occur when enteric flora enter the urethra
A fertilized oocyte secrets \_\_\_ to keep the corpus luteum from degenerating A) Chorionuc gonadotropin B) Follicle stimulating hormone C) Estrogen D) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
Abdominal pain in woman that presents one week after menstruation is typically experiencing? A) Ruptured ovarian cyst B) Mittelschmerz C) Pelvic inflammatory disease D) Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
C) Pelvic inflammatory disease
What stimulates the development of the follicle, including the cells that produce estrogen? A) Progesterone B) Follicle stimulating hormone C) Chorionic gonadotropin D) Luteinizing hormone
B) Follicle stimulating hormone
When treating a patient who was sexually assaulted, the paramedic should take the following approach:
A) Allow the patient to express feelings with no fear that his or her words will be reported
B) limit the history of the event to elements necessary for care
C) Genital examination is mandatory for accurate assessment
D) Assess a thorough history for the assault for reporting purposes
B) limit the history of the event to elements necessary for care
What is the correct terminology for seizure phase where the patient experiences continuous muscle tension? A) Tonic B) Clonic C) Dystonic D) Postictal
A) Tonic
Which of the following would be the BEST definition of a seizure?
A) A loss of consciousness from idiopathic causes
B) The alternating contraction and relaxation of muscles
C) a temporary alteration in behavior due to a massive electrical discharge in the brain
D) a change of behavior due to an electrolyte imbalance within a group of neurons in the brain
C) a temporary alteration in behavior due to a massive electrical discharge in the brain
You are called to the residence of a 38-year-old male found unresponsive on the floor of his bathroom. His skin is very pale, cool and clammy. He has complained of abdominal pain for the last month as well as black, foul-smelling feces. His respiratory rate is 28, pulse is 120 and blood pressure is 70/50. Which of the following field diagnoses and interventions is the MOST appropriate?
1) Vagal response; 0.5 to 1.0 mg of atropine
2) Dissecting aortic aneurysm; PASG, fluids and rapid transport
3) Anemia from a slow GI bleed; fluid resuscitation and rapid transport
4) Hypovolemia from a rapid GI bleed; fluid resuscitation and rapid transport
3) Anemia from a slow GI bleed; fluid resuscitation and rapid transport
You are dispatched to a college dormitory for a 20-year-old female who is the victim of sexual assault. The scene is safe and police have not yet arrived. The patient indicates she has changed her clothing and wants to take a shower before she is transported to the hospital. What would your MOST appropriate recommendation be?
A) Encourage her to take a shower as this will more than likely make her feel be!er
B) Discourage her from taking a shower and place her removed clothing in a paper bag
C) Discourage her from taking a shower and place her removed clothing in a plastic bag
D) Clear the scene when law enforcement arrives as this is a police ma!er and she has no apparent life-threatening emergencies
2) Discourage her from taking a shower and place her removed clothing in a paper bag
Which of the following respiratory patterns is associated with an a!empt to compensate for diabetic ketoacidosis? A) Eupnea B) Kussmaul C) Biot's D) Cheyne-Stokes
B) Kussmaul
Which type of antibody causes the release of histamine? A) IgB B) IgE C) IgG D) IgM
B) IgE
What is the name of the arthritic condition caused by an increase in uric acid crystals deposited at the joints? A) Bursitis
B) Gout
C) Osteoporosis
D) Spondylosis
B) Gout
Which of the following gastrointestinal diseases causes swelling and thickening of the intestinal wall resulting in formation of scar tissue and narrowing of the passageways? A) Crohn disease B) Diverticulitis C) Gastroenteritis D) Ulcerative colitiS
A) Crohn disease
Which of the following endocrine conditions will MOST likely require advance life support to transport due to life-threatening complications associated with it?
A) 79-year-old with myxedema related to Addison’s disease
B) 65-year-old with acute hypoglycemia related to type II diabetes
C) 80-year-old with Cushing’s syndrome related to an adrenal tumor
D) 70-year-old with thyroid storm symptoms related to hyperthyroidism
D) 70-year-old with thyroid storm symptoms related to hyperthyroidism
Which of the following endocrine emergencies typically requires a significant fluid resuscitation as a part of patient management? A) Myxedema B) Hypothyroidism C) Hyperadrenal crisis D) Diabetic ketoacidosis
D) Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hypothermia, a puffy appearance and constipation are found in which of the following?
A) Graves disease
B) Myxedema
C) Cushing’s syndrome D) Addison’s disease
B) Myxedema
What do Acini glands produce? A) Steroids B) Glucagon C) Pancreatic juice D) Insulin
C) Pancreatic juice
Which of the following neurological disorders would be the MOST difficult to distinguish from a cerebral vascular accident? A) Dystonia B) Myoclonus C) Bell's palsy D) Parkinson's disease
C) Bell’s palsy
Which of the following would be the appropriate treatment for a patient with aphasia as a result of a transient ischemic attack?
A) Place an advanced airway
B) Place the patient in a supine position
C) Place the patient in a Trendelenburg position
D) Place the patient in a left lateral recumbent position
D) Place the patient in a left lateral recumbent position
Which of the following cells of the pancreas is responsible for the production of insulin? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma D) Delta
B) Beta
When assessing a patient with a neuromuscular disorder such as spinal shock or muscular dystrophy, which of the following would be your primary concern? A) Assessing tidal volume B) Assessing blood pressure C) Assessing ventilatory rate D) Assessing ability to move extremities
A) Assessing tidal volume
You are preparing to transport a 30-year-old female who is semi-responsive, confused and talking. You suspect she is having some type of diabetic reaction. What would be the FIRST step in treating this patient properly? A) Repeat vital signs every 15 minutes B) Administer oral glucose C) Insert an oropharyngeal airway D) Put patient on high-flow oxygen
D) Put patient on high-flow oxygen
You are called to treat a diabetic patient with warm, dry skin, hypotension, tachycardia and normal respirations who is responsive only to painful stimulation. The patient takes an oral hypoglycemic medication. Which of the following would BEST apply to this situation? A) DKA, administer fluids B) HHNS, administer fluids C) Hypoglycemia, administer dextrose D) Diabetes insipidus, administer fluids
B) HHNS, administer fluids
Which of the following describes the appropriate management of a patient with renal calculi? A) Avoid analgesics B) Position the patient supine C) Administer large amounts of fluid D) Percuss the flank to loosen the stone
C) Administer large amounts of fluid
Which of the following describes the method of action of oral contraceptives?
A) The fallopian tubes spasm, preventing fertilization
B) Estrogen and progesterone inhibit the release of the egg
C) The uterine wall is not capable of maintaining a pregnancy
D) Chemicals are released that destroy the sperm prior to fertilization
B) Estrogen and progesterone inhibit the release of the egg
Ulcerative Colitis is defined as which of the following?
A) Inflammatory condition of the large intestine, classified as inflammatory bowel disease
B) The presence of bright red blood in the stool
C) An inflammation of the entire gastrointestinal mucosa
D) Blockage of the lumen of the small intestines
A) Inflammatory condition of the large intestine, classified as inflammatory bowel disease
You are called to a private home to care for a 16-year-old female who was found passed out on the bathroom floor but now has regained consciousness. She is cool and pale, with sweaty skin. Her pulse is 128, BP-86/44 and respirations are 22 and shallow. She will not answer questions with her mother present. After asking the mother to leave, she states that she is having heavy vaginal bleeding while on the toilet today and her last menstruation was 45 days ago. The condition that needs the most URGENT treatment with this pa"ent is: A) Abortion B) Hypovolemia C) Hypothermia D) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
B) Hypovolemia
Which answer would BEST describe a patient that results in hemorrhaging from the mouth, extreme dyspnea, cyanosis, anxiousness, pallor and a history of liver cirrhosis? A) Crohn's disease B) Laryngeal cancer C) Esophageal varices D) Lower GI hemorrhage
C) Esophageal varices
Your patient is complaining of cramping pain that varies in level of intensity. This type of pain is called: A) Visceral pain B) Somatic pain C) Referred pain D) None of the above
A) Visceral pain
You have been dispatched to the residence of a female patient who has been sexually assaulted. Which of the following should be your HIGHEST priority?
A) Providing care for the patient
B) Preventing destruction of evidence
C) Maintaining the patient’s modesty and privacy
D) Providing accurate and complete documentation
A) Providing care for the patient
Your ambulance is requested for abdominal pain. Your patient has a history of gallstones. He is experiencing diffuse upper epigastric pain, nausea and emesis. Upon palpation he has a positive Murphy’s sign. Select the correct SUPPORTIVE treatment.
A) IV normal saline, cardiac monitor, oxygen 2 LPM via nasal cannula
B) Oxygen 2 LPM via nasal cannula, saline lock, cardiac monitor and morphine 2-4 mg
C) IV normal saline, Demerol 50 mg, cardiac monitor and oxygen 2 LPM via nasal cannula
D) Oxygen 15 LPM via non-rebreather, IV normal saline bolus, cardiac monitor and Dilaudid 10 mg
A) IV normal saline, cardiac monitor, oxygen
You are transporting a 45-year-old male whose penis was reportedly injured during vigorous sex and the penis is now bent at an angle and the patient is in severe pain. Which of the following would be the appropriate way to communicate this on the radio?
A) Wait to inform the staff until arrival
B) Indicate that the patient hurt his private parts
C) State the observed assessment and request pain relief
D) State the facts but leave out the part about the penis being bent
C) State the observed assessment and request pain relief
A sudden onset of inflammation of the stomach and intestines accompanied by the sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea would best fit the definition of which of the following? A) Crohn's disease B) Gastritis C) Gastroenteritis D) Pancolitis
C) Gastroenteritis
A patient who that takes a beta-blocker, a calcium channel blocker and an ACE inhibitor, likely has a history of? A) Asthma B) Depression C) Hypertension D) Over-medication
C) Hypertension
You have a patient with a history of Addison's disease who has a decreased level of consciousness. Which mediation does this patient most likely need to increase the level of consciousness? A) Narcan B) Dextrose C) Prednisone D) A Beta Blocker
B) Dextrose
Which of the following degenerative neurological disorders presents with weakness of one or more limbs, sensory loss, paresthesia and changes in vision? A) Multiple sclerosis B) Parkinson's disease C) Muscular dystrophy D) Alzheimer's disease
A) Multiple sclerosis
In the condition of rhabdomyolysis, how are the kidneys affected?
A) Increase the spread of infection
B) Release of calcium causes kidney stones
C) Release of myoglobin blocks renal tubules
D) Loss of electrolytes overwhelms the kidneys
C) Release of myoglobin blocks renal tubules
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a result of which type of reaction of the body? A) Allergic B) Isoimmune C) Autoimmune D) Anaphylactic
C) Autoimmune
Which of the following physiological causes of a seizure would be the MOST alarming yet easily correctable? A) Febrile B) Idiopathic C) Eclampsia D) Hypoglycemia
D) Hypoglycemia
