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Ground Search and Rescue > EMRG 1706 Survival > Flashcards

EMRG 1706 Survival Flashcards

To learn wilderness survival skills.

1
Q

What are some qualities that will help a person survive?

A
  • hopes for the best, prepares for the worst
  • able to improvise
  • works effectively on own and in group
  • decisive
  • patient
  • adaptable
  • has control over fears / can remain calm
  • can handle set backs
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2
Q

Is it important to have no fear in a survival situation?

A

No. Often times ‘no fear’ translates to ‘no brains’ in a survival situation. It’s okay to have a healthy respect for and awareness of the seriousness and challenges of a situation.

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3
Q

What are key attributes of a person in a survival situation?

A 
Knowledge and experience
Focus
Confidence - in own skills and equipment
Energy budget
Will to live!
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4
Q

What does STOP stand for?

A

STOP
THINK
OBSERVE
PLAN

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5
Q

What are some threats to survival?

A 
Pain
Cold/heat
Thirst
Hunger
Fatigue
Boredom and loneliness
Insects
Predatory animals
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6
Q

What are four factors that contribute to cold stress?

A

Cold temperatures
High or cold wind
Dampness
Cold water

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7
Q

What is important to know about coldness as it relates to cold stress?

A

While it’s obvious that cold temperatures (below freezing) and inadequate clothing will put you at risk, it’s important to remember that cold stress can occur at above freezing temperatures when there is rain and/or wind.

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8
Q

What are preliminary symptoms of hypothermia?

A

Shivering
Stumbles, mumbles, fumbles
Slurred speech
Loss of fine motor function

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9
Q

Sitting on the snow is an example of which form of heat loss?

A

Conduction

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10
Q

Wind chill is an example of which form of heat loss?

A

Convection

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11
Q

Sweating is an example of which form of heat loss?

A

Evaporation

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12
Q

What is the first thing you should do with an animal bite?

A

Wash the wound well with soap and water under moderate pressure for at least 15 minutes. Then rinse thoroughly with water.

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13
Q

What is the survival pattern?

A
  1. First aid
  2. Fire
  3. Shelter
  4. Signals
  5. Water
  6. Food
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14
Q

Which two elements of the survival pattern are interchangeable depending on the situation?

A

Fire and Shelter

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15
Q

What are the basic elements of lighting a fire?

A

Spark
Tinder
Fuel
Oxygen

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16
Q

What are some examples of tinder that you can use?

A 
Cotton balls 
Paper
Dry grass
Bark and lichen
Pitch wood
Fire starters
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17
Q

Where are some places to find dry wood in wet or snowy conditions?

A 
Standing dead trees
Suspended blow down
Under rock overhangs
Root wads
Slash piles
Split wood
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18
Q

What is the most important thing to remember when using fire in the wilderness?

A

Make sure it is completely extinguished before you leave!

19
Q

What should you avoid when choosing the site for your shelter?

A

Possible falling rocks, landslides or avalanches
Under dead standing trees, or trees with large dead branches
An area that could be flooded
Swampy or tidal terrain
Next to a creek or river with obvious bear activity

20
Q

What type of shelter needs a fire to be warm?

A

A lean-to

21
Q

What is the benefit of a bed a boughs?

A

Insulates from cold ground
Makes for a more comfortable bed
Can be burned as a signal in case of aircraft flying over

22
Q

What is the common international distress signal?

A

Three of a kind - Ex. three fires, three whistle blasts etc.

23
Q

How long can a person survive without air? Water? Food?

A

3 minutes without air
3 days without water
3 weeks without food

24
Q

What are some methods of disinfecting water?

A

Boiling - full boil 1 minute
Chemicals - iodine
Water filters - 1 micron or less
Chlorine (bleach)

25
Q

What distance away from a water source should all human waste be?

A

60m

26
Q

What is the general rule for when lost or awaiting rescue?

A

To stay put!

27
Q

What is best practice for when travelling in a survival situation?

A

Clearly mark your trail

Leave a message at your camp or waiting site

28
Q

What are the five requirements that must be met for lengthier travel to take place?

A
  1. know where you are and where you need to go
  2. have a means of setting and maintaining direction
  3. have the physical stamina
  4. have suitable clothing
  5. have water, food, fuel and shelter available

you only consider this when survival prospects would improve

29
Q

When could you cross a stream with no bridge on a search?

A

If you have Swiftwater Awareness

When the water is less than knee deep and the risk is rated as low based on RADeMS

30
Q

What factors have to be considered before crossing a stream?

A 
Depth
Current
Channel bottom
Downstream hazards
Suspended material in water
31
Q

What is important to considering when travelling when searching?

A

Adjust the pace to the slowest person

Utilize a moderate pace and take short rests

32
Q

What do you need to do when travelling through brush?

A 
Secure equipment to you
Follow a compass bearing - it is easy to get turned around
Wear gloves (especially in devils club)
Wear eye protection 
Watch your footing
33
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of moderate hypothermia?

A

Shivering stops
Unable to walk or stand
Confused are irrational

34
Q

What are talus and scree slopes?

A

Talus are slopes of rocks that are large enough to step on

Scree slopes are made of small pebbles and rocks

35
Q

What is important to consider when travelling on talus and/or scree slopes?

A

When travelling as a group, stay close together and avoid dislodging the rocks or causing rock slides.
These slopes can provide vegetation free pathways.

36
Q

What is important to consider when using snow as a water source?

A

Take it from within the snow pack away from trails
Add it to water, a little at a time
Eating it is not recommended

37
Q

If you are in a dense canopy forest what is the best form of signal?

A

A fire can still be a good signal, even in a dense canopy. A little smoke is better than no smoke, and the smell of smoke can travel far!

38
Q

When heat moves away from the body what form of heat loss is this?

A

Radiation

39
Q

What are the 4 forms of heat loss?

A

Conduction, Radiation, Convection, Evaporation

40
Q

Describe poison plants

A

work on

41
Q

How do you treat hypothermia?

A 
Mild: 
-move to a warm area
-stay active
-remove wet clothes, exchange for dry clothes
-drink warm sugary drink
Moderate (in addition to above):
-call ambulance
-cover all extremities 
-place warm objects (hot packs, hot water bottles) on head, chest, armpits, and groin
Severe:
-call ambulance
-be gentle, do not jostle 
-do not attempt to rewarm
42
Q

Tick removal

A

Step 1: place the straw over the tick at 45 degrees. place string around the straw and slide it down to the skin
Step 2: the thread is wrapped around the ticks jaw; a single know is tightened to close around the ticks jaw
Step 3: remove the straw and pull gently up on the string; it may take a couple minutes for the tick to release

43
Q

What are best practices for working in bear country?

A

Make noise while you travel*****
Stay aware
Cache your food over night

Ground Search and Rescue (1 decks)

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