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MRCS A - Clinical > eMRCS incorrects > Flashcards

eMRCS incorrects Flashcards

1
Q

Layers divided in a paramedic incision?

A

Anterior rectus sheath, rectus (retracted), posterior rectus sheath, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, peritoneum

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2
Q

Surgical exploration in kids - which incision?

A

Paramedian

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3
Q

Inguinal hernia repair - Litcchenstein or Bassini?

A

Litchenstein has lower recurrence rates

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4
Q

Lanz or gridiron?

A

Lanz has better aesthetic outcomes

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5
Q

What abdominal pathology are you at risk of if you have nephrotic syndrome?

A

SBP - strep pneumo

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6
Q

Colonoscopy = macroscopically normal
Thickened sub-apical layer of collagen
Lymphocyte infiltration

A

Microscopic colitis

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7
Q

Risk haematemesis, single tortuous artery in submucosa on OGD?

A

Dieulafoy lesion

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8
Q

the two hyper echoic liver lesions?

A

Haemangioma

HCC

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9
Q

Halo sign on breast imaging?

A

Breast cyst

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10
Q

When to give chemo in breast cancer?

A

Any grade 3 or axillary disease

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11
Q

Hurthle cells?

A

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

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12
Q

How to identify parathyroid glands intra-op?

A

IV methylene blue

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13
Q

Which veins system = DVT, which = varicose veins?

A

Varicose veins = superficial

DVT = deep venous system

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14
Q

Median arcuate ligament syndrome?

A

Compression of coeliac artery by median arcuate ligament

= post prandial epigastric pain and bruit

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15
Q

Name of amputation with patellar preservation, femoral condyles excised?

A

Gritti-stokes amputation

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16
Q

Axillary vein thrombosis treatment?

A

Catheter directed TPA

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17
Q

Popliteal fossa entrapment vs adductor canal compression syndrome?

A

Popliteal fossa = popliteal pulse will go when knee fully extended

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18
Q

does kipper trelauney affect long saphenous?

A

no

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19
Q

Which renal cancer is Assx with long term inflammation?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

Onset of haematocele vs hydrocele?

A

Haematocele is days to hours

Hydrocele is longer = days to weeks

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21
Q

Haematocele Mx?

A

Scrotal exploration

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22
Q

Hydrocele management in adults?

A

Scrotal approach, lords or jabouleys

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23
Q

Hydrocele Mx in kids?

A

Inguinal approach, ligate PPV

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24
Q

Angiomyolipata?

A

tuberous sclerosis

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25
Q

Penile fracture Mx?

A

Immediate penile exploration

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26
Q

Importance of HLA matching in renal transplant?

A

DR > B > A

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27
Q

First time renal transplant vessels?

A

External iliac vein and artery

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28
Q

Which Ig for hyperacute graft rejection?

A

IgG

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29
Q

Fall on outstretched hand, tender in proximal forearm and very painful on supination / pronation?

A

Radial head #

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30
Q

Potts fracture?

A

Bimalleolar ankle fracture, with eversion

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31
Q

Holstein lewis?

A

Fracture of distal third of humerus, with radial nerve entrapment

32
Q

Key features of club foot?

A

Displacement of cuboid and navicular medially
Adducted and inverted calcaneus
Wedge shaped calcaneus distally, wedge shaped head of talus
Tibio-talar plantar flexion

33
Q

Kid, unilateral cortical disruption on x ray?

A

Greenstick fracture

34
Q

When to do surgery in paediatric umbilical hernia?

A

Defer until 3 years old

35
Q

TGA vs VSD?

A

TGA = cyanotic, VSD = acyanotic

36
Q

What are exomphalmos and diaphragmatic hernia associated with?

A

Intestinal malrotation

37
Q

Is oesophageal atresia sporadic, or would you see it in multiple pregnancies?

38
Q

Long history of offensive discharge + hearing loss?

A

Cholesteatoma

39
Q

Perf of pars tensa vs flaccia

A

Pars flacida perforated in chronic supparative otitis media WITH cholesteatoma

WITHOUT cholesteatoma = pars tensa

40
Q

Parotid swelling + pancreatitis ?

A

Viral parotitis

41
Q

bilateral multi centric thyroid lumps, young gal?

A

Medullary assx with. MENN

42
Q

Perf of pars flaccid cs tensa?

A

Chronic supportive otitis media
WITHOUT choleastatoma = tensa
With cholesteatoma = flaccida

43
Q

Whe to use pregabalin over amitryptilline?

A

If a patient has orthostatic hypotension, as the is an SE of amitryptilline

44
Q

Prep for colonoscopy?

Pre for flexi-sig

A 
olon = stop ferrous 7 dyas, laxatives day before
Felxi-sig = phosphate enema 30 mins prior
45
Q

Any midline wound, which analgesia?

A

Epidural, to counter the potential Resp compromise

46
Q

Suture for vascular anastomoses, visceral anastomoses and abdominal wall?

A

Vascular = polypropylene 5/0
Visceral = PDS 3/0
Abdo wall = 1/2 PDS or nylon

47
Q

What artery can be injured in medial extension of appendicectomy?

A

Inferior epigastric artery

48
Q

Salt wound anaesthetic agent?

A

Lignocaine with adrenaline

49
Q

Which bug causes ileitis ?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

50
Q

How to display data from lutliple RCTS?

A

Forest plot

51
Q

Data not normally distributed - which tests?

A

Chi squared, or fisher if small sample

52
Q

Cohort studies outcome?

A

Relative risk

53
Q

Relative risk = ?

54
Q

Tissue sampling for thyroid?

A

FNAC

Although it cannot diagnose follicular

55
Q

Lynch syndrome cancers?

A

R sided mucous colon
Uterus
Stomach

56
Q

Breast lump, macroscopically = grey and gelatinous

A

Mucinous carcinoma

57
Q

dystrophic vs metastatic calcification?

A 
dystrophic = normal calcium levels
Metastatic = elevated calcium levels
58
Q

Annal anal cancers are usually…?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

59
Q

x-ray of leg: multiple lytic and lucent lesions with clearly defined borders

A

Osteoclastoma

60
Q

Haemarthrosis without trauma?

A

Haemophilia

61
Q

Oxyphil cells in thyroid tumour?

A

= hurthle cells = follicular

62
Q

Excision margins for squamous cell skin cancer?

A

<20mm = 4mm margins

>20mm diameter = 6mm

63
Q

Meckels diverticulum blood supply>

A

Vitelline artery

64
Q

Vaginal lymphatic drainage?

A 
Superior = iliac 
Inferior = superficial inguinal
65
Q

Hyperacousia - which nerve and muscle damaged?

A

Fascial = stapedius

66
Q

Surface marking for femoral artery?

A

Mid inguinal point = ASIS to pubic symphisis

67
Q

Superficial parotidectomy, which nerve most likely injured?

A

Greater auricular

68
Q

upper ureter vs lower ureter lymphatics?

A

uPPer ureter = Para-aortic

lOwer ureter = cOmmOn iliacs

69
Q

What needs to be divided to gain access to coeliac axis in gastrectomy?

A

Lesser omentum

70
Q

Where does the inferior gluteal artery run?

When is it often divided?

A

Deep surface of gluteus maximus

Posterior approach hip replacement

71
Q

middle ear cell type?

A

External = stratified squamous
Middle = fibrous
Inner layer = mucous membrane

72
Q

Lymphatics of the ear?

A

Lateral superior = superficial parotid
Medial superior = deep cervical + mastoid
Lower ear = Superficial cervical

73
Q

Where does inferior thyroid artery enter thyroid?

74
Q

Sympathetic fibres for parotid gland originate where?

A

Otic ganglion

75
Q

Which nerve most at risk when mobilising submandibular gland?

A

Lingual as it wraps around Wharton’s duct

76
Q

Where does the fibrous capsule attach superiorly and inferiorly

A 
superior = anatomical neck
Inferior = surgical neck.

MRCS A - Clinical (4 decks)

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