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EMR > EMR > Flashcards

EMR Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and symptoms that a body is fighting an infection (5)

A 
headaches
fever
exhaustion
nausea
vomiting
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2
Q

Which four factors must coincide for an infection to occur?

A

A pathogen must be present.
There must be enough of the pathogen to cause disease.
A person must be susceptible to the pathogen.
There must be a route of entry.

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3
Q

How do pathogens enter the body?

A

Direct contact
Indirect contact
Airborne
Vector-borne

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4
Q

How is hepatitis A primarily spread?

A

Through food or water that has been contaminated by feces from an infected person.

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5
Q

Which types of hepatitis can be prevented by a vaccine?

A

Hepatitis A and B

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6
Q

How is TB spread?

A

through the air when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of TB?

A 
significant coughing lasting 3 weeks or longer
pain in the chest
weight loss
loss of appetite
coughing up blood or bloody sputum
weakness and/or fatigue
fever and chills
night sweats
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8
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis?

A 
stiff neck
high fever
confusion
headache
nausea
sleepiness
vomiting
sensitivity to light
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9
Q

Order of donning PPE

A 
hand hygiene
gown
mask
eye wear
gloves
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10
Q

Order of doffing PPE

A 
gloves
gown
hand hygiene
eye wear
mask
hand hygiene
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11
Q

lateral

A

anything located away from the midline

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12
Q

medial

A

anything located towards the midline

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13
Q

midline

A

the imaginary line running down the middle of the body

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14
Q

ventral (anterior)

A

anything located toward the front of the body

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15
Q

dorsal (posterior)

A

anything located toward the back of the body

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16
Q

superior (cephalic)

A

any part toward the patient’s head

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17
Q

inferior (caudal)

A

any part toward the patient’s feet

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18
Q

proximal

A

closer to the trunk

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19
Q

distal

A

further from the trunk

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20
Q

What are the 5 major body cavities?

A 
cranial
spinal
thoracic
abdominal
pelvic
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21
Q

Scene Assessment

A 
hazards and environment
mechanism of injury and chief complaint
number of patients
additional resources required
general impression
PPE
22
Q

Primary Assessment

A 
chief complaint
level of responsiveness
spinal motion restriction
ABCs
pulse oximetry
rapid body survey
transport decision
patient positioning
23
Q

Secondary Assessment

A

SAMPLE-patient or with bystanders
vital signs
head to toe

24
Q

SAMPLE

A 
signs and symptoms
allergies
medications
past/present relevant medical conditions
last oral intake
events before the incident
25
Q

Level of response

A

alert
verbal
pain
unresponsive

26
Q

Which situations should you suspect a spinal injury?

A

unresponsiveness or unknown cause of injury
fall from a height greater than 1 metre or 5 stairs
any motor vehicle collision
any injury if helmet is broken
severe blunt force to head or trunk
injury that penetrates the head or trunk
diving mishap

27
Q

What are agonal respirations?

A

an inadequate pattern of breathing sometimes associated with cardiac arrest states.
Can show as gurgling, moaning, gasping sound, gaping mouth, or laboured breathing.
*does not provide adequate oxygen.

28
Q

How often should you check ABCs?

A

every five minutes for an unstable patient, and every 10 minutes for a stable one.

29
Q

What percentage of oxygen saturation is considered the start of being inefficient?

A

80%

30
Q

What should you do for a patient with SpO2 level of 91-94%? (mild hypoxia)

A

nasal cannula or standard oxygen mask

31
Q

What should you do for a patient with SpO2 level of 86-90%? (moderate hypoxia)

A

non-rebreather mask or bag-valve-mask (BVM) with oxygen reservoir

32
Q

What should you do for a patient with SpO2 level of 85% or lower? (severe hypoxia)

A

non-rebreather mask or bag-valve-mask (BVM) with oxygen reservoir

33
Q

How often should pulse oximetry be taken and recorded?

A

every 15 minutes with a stable patient, and every 5 minutes for unstable patients.

34
Q

OPQRRRST

A 
onset-gradual/sudden
provocation-what makes it get worse
quality-sharp/dull/stabbing
region-where is the pain
radiation-pain radiate to other places
relief-what makes it better
severity-0-10
time-when did the pain start
35
Q

Which VS do we take?

A 
pulse
BP
pupils
SpO2
skin
respirations
AVPU
36
Q

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for neonate?

A

pulse: 120-160
resp: 40-60
BP: 80/40

37
Q

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for infant?

A

pulse: 100-200
resp: 30-40
BP: 80/40

38
Q

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for child?

A

pulse: 80-120
resp: 16-24
BP: 90/50

39
Q

Average pulse, respirations, and BP for adult?

A

pulse: 60-100
resp: 12-20
BP: 120/80

40
Q

What should you be doing in the head-to-toe examination?

A 
inspection (exposing and examining)
auscultation (listening)
palpation (feeling)
smell
looking for medical ID
41
Q

What should you do if the patient indicates pain during the head-to-toe examination?

A

OPQRRRST

42
Q

What are the steps of a head-to-toe examination?

A

-consent and explain procedure
-head-look for fluid in nose, ears, and mouth
(if fluid is found, check responsiveness and pupils again)
-neck
-clavicles and shoulders
(if no abnormalities are found, ask to shrug shoulders)
-lower anterior of ribs-check inhale
-back-palpate down the spine
-abdomen-4 quadrants
-hips-in, up, down
-individual legs-joints
-foot pulse/cap refill
-motor sensory assessment on feet and toes
-arms
-squeeze fingers

reassess ABCs

43
Q

What are the 2 types of airway obstruction?

A

Anatomical airway obstruction

Foreign-body airway obstruction

44
Q

What do you do when someone has a partial airway obstruction?

A

Encourage them to cough while leaning forward slightly.

45
Q

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on a responsive adult?

A 
back blows (5)
abdominal thrusts (5)
chest thrusts (5)

check for the foreign-body after each method switch

46
Q

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on an unresponsive adult?

A

30 chest compressions
check mouth
remove object if seen
open the airway and breathe
If first breath goes in , give second breath. If not, reposition, then breathe again.
if the second does not go in, repeat 30 compressions-1 breath

47
Q

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on a responsive infant?

A 
position infant's body supine on your forearm, head down.
hold infant's jaw
5 firm back blows
turn over infant
5 chest compressions
repeat
48
Q

How deep should chest compressions be on an infant?

A

1/3 depth of the chest

49
Q

What should you do for a foreign-body airway obstruction on an unresponsive infant?

A 
30 chest compressions
inspect the mouth
open the airway
attempt to ventilate 2 times
repeat compressions
50
Q

What should you do when someone is in anaphylaxis shock?

A

comfort
ABCs
epi-pen
transport

EMR (1 decks)

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