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EMR > Emr > Flashcards

Emr Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmaceutics

A

The science of dispensing drugs

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2
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time. (Absorption distribution biotransformation excretion)

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3
Q

Bioavailability

A

The measure of the amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue after considering all of the absorption factors.

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4
Q

In the body a drug may be stored in various sites known as drug reservoirs. Two types are:

A

– Plasma reservoirs

– tissue reservoirs

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5
Q

Biotransformation

A

The metabolism of drugs. – Transform the drug into a more or less active metabolite.
-make the drug more water soluble (for excretion)

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6
Q

Biotransformation occurs in the following locations:

A 
– Liver 
-kidneys
 – lungs 
-intestines
 – plasma
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7
Q

Drug half-life

A

The time required for the total amount of a drug in the body to diminished by one-half.
For example if a patient received a single dose of a drug with the half-life of five hours, the patient would have half of the dose left five hours later, and one quarter of the original dose after 10 hours.

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8
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

The study of the mechanisms by which specific drug dosages act to produce biochemical or physiological changes in the body.
Bind to a receptor site, change the physical properties of a cell, chemically combine with other chemicals, alter our normal metabolic pathway.

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9
Q

Chemicals that stimulate a receptor site generally fall into two broad categories.

A
  1. Agonists
    - find to the receptor and cause it to initiate the expected response.
  2. Antagonists
    - bind to the receptor site but do not cause the receptor to initiate the expected response.
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10
Q

The nervous system is broken into two categories which are…

A

The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

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11
Q

The central nervous system is broken into two categories which are…

A

The brain and the spinal cord.

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12
Q

The peripheral nervous system is broken into two categories which are…

A

Somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

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13
Q

The autonomic nervous system is broken into two categories which are…

A

The sympathetic nervous system [adrenergic] and the parasympathetic nervous system [cholinergic]

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14
Q

The sympathetic nervous system (adrenergic) is broken into two categories which are…

A

Alpha receptors and beta receptors

Alpha-1 vasoconstriction
Beta-1 increased heart rate
Beta-2 Bronchodilation

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15
Q

Epinephrine will bind to which receptor sites of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Epinephrin binds to the alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors.

Resulting in bronchodilation, drying of the bronchial mucous membranes, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.

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16
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Returns the body to normal (acetacholine)

Works together with the sympathetic nervous system but one more than the other.

17
Q

Salbutamol will bind to which receptors of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Salbutamol binds to the beta-1 receptor (increase in heart rate and blood pressure) and beta-2 receptor (promotes bronchodilation)

18
Q

The six rights of medication

A 
Right patient 
Right drug
Right time 
Right dose
Right route
Right documentation
19
Q

What else do you check before administering a drug?

A

Colour
Clarity
Concentration
Expired date

20
Q

Medications that an EMR can administer with off-line medical direction and will carry in an ambulance

A

ASA (acetylsalicylic acid)

Oral glucose

21
Q

Medications that an EMR may assist with as part of their online medical direction and if the patient has a prescription for the medication.

A
  • Salbutamol (ventolin)
  • Ipratropium bromide (atrovent)
  • epinephrine (adrenalin)
22
Q

Glucose

  • indications
  • dose
A

-signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia with a confirmed BGL less than 3.8 mmol/L

-Adult 25g
May repeat dose in 10min is necessary

23
Q

ASA

  • indications
  • Dose
A
  • Ischemic chest pain
  • adult 160 to 325 mg chewed

(2-4, 80mg tablets)

24
Q

Epinephrine

  • indications
  • dose
A

-anaphylaxis

  • adult 0.3 mg IM EpiPen
  • Paediatric 0.15 mg EpiPenJr
25
Q

Salbutamol (ventolin)

  • indications
  • dose
A

-Severe bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis or shortness of breath due to asthma.

  • adult 6-20 puffs each puff being 100 mcg/spray
  • paediatric
26
Q

Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)

  • indications
  • dose
A
  • severe bronchospasm due to chronic bronchitis or shortness of breath due to asthma
  • 1 to 4 puffs PRN to a max of 10 puffs, each puff being 20 mcg/spray
27
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • suspected MI or angina

- 0.4 mg SL Spray

EMR (1 decks)

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