Emr Flashcards
Pharmaceutics
The science of dispensing drugs
Pharmacokinetics
The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time. (Absorption distribution biotransformation excretion)
Bioavailability
The measure of the amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue after considering all of the absorption factors.
In the body a drug may be stored in various sites known as drug reservoirs. Two types are:
– Plasma reservoirs
– tissue reservoirs
Biotransformation
The metabolism of drugs. – Transform the drug into a more or less active metabolite.
-make the drug more water soluble (for excretion)
Biotransformation occurs in the following locations:
– Liver -kidneys – lungs -intestines – plasma
Drug half-life
The time required for the total amount of a drug in the body to diminished by one-half.
For example if a patient received a single dose of a drug with the half-life of five hours, the patient would have half of the dose left five hours later, and one quarter of the original dose after 10 hours.
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the mechanisms by which specific drug dosages act to produce biochemical or physiological changes in the body.
Bind to a receptor site, change the physical properties of a cell, chemically combine with other chemicals, alter our normal metabolic pathway.
Chemicals that stimulate a receptor site generally fall into two broad categories.
- Agonists
- find to the receptor and cause it to initiate the expected response. - Antagonists
- bind to the receptor site but do not cause the receptor to initiate the expected response.
The nervous system is broken into two categories which are…
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The central nervous system is broken into two categories which are…
The brain and the spinal cord.
The peripheral nervous system is broken into two categories which are…
Somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is broken into two categories which are…
The sympathetic nervous system [adrenergic] and the parasympathetic nervous system [cholinergic]
The sympathetic nervous system (adrenergic) is broken into two categories which are…
Alpha receptors and beta receptors
Alpha-1 vasoconstriction
Beta-1 increased heart rate
Beta-2 Bronchodilation
Epinephrine will bind to which receptor sites of the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrin binds to the alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors.
Resulting in bronchodilation, drying of the bronchial mucous membranes, and increased heart rate and blood pressure.
