employer-employee relations

Question 1

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Answer 1

first Supreme Court case to address the constitutionality of affirmative action. reverse discrimination

Question 2

Civil Rights Act of 1875

Answer 2

prohibited racial discrimination in public accommodations, including hotels, railroads, and theaters. was an attempt to fight widespread racial discrimination in the South. It was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1883.

Question 3

Executive Order 8802

Answer 3

President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802, which prohibited discrimination based on race, creed, color, or national origin in defense industries and in the government. The Fair Employment Practices Committee was formed to enforce Executive Order 8802. Up to that point, African-Americans fought in segregated units under white officers, and the ones back at home had trouble getting jobs because of discriminatory policies.

Question 4

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 4

Under President Johnson, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, creating the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to investigate complaints of job discrimination. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This Act also officially ended segregation in all public accommodations, and authorized the attorney general to file suits to enforce desegregation.

Question 5

equal rights amendment

Answer 5

The Equal Rights Amendment which prohibited discrimination on the basis of sex was passed in 1972, after initially being proposed in 1923. However, it was not ratified by the required number of states.

Question 6

Karen Silkwood

Answer 6

In November 1974, Karen Silkwood (age 28) was killed while driving to meet a New York Times reporter. Silkwood was carrying information concerning plutonium fuel rod tampering at the Kerr-McGee uranium and plutonium plants in Cimarron, Oklahoma.

Question 7

Von Raab

Answer 7

In National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab(1989), the US Supreme Court permitted suspicionless searches where the public need for safety created a compelling interest to suppress the individual’s right to privacy.

Question 8

NDA types

Answer 8

bilateral, unilateral, and unilateral with a noncompete.

Question 9

William Shaw and Vincent Barry

Answer 9

said: Ambiguous advertising, concealed facts, exaggerated claims, and psychological appeals are all forms of advertising abuses.

Question 10

Carr

Answer 10

According to Carr, deliberately lying about the reservation price (bluffing) is legal, a common practice, and permissible according to conventional morality and it is therefore morally permissible.

Question 11

International Labor Organization

Answer 11

1919 - unions from different countries developed the International Labor Organization in an effort to coordinate labor relations activities and raise the standards of work and life through the adoption of uniform values.

Question 12

foreign corrupt practices act

Answer 12

1977 prohibits any person or firm in the United States from making a corrupt payment to a foreign official to obtain or keep business.

Question 13

EU Convention on Corruption

Answer 13

The EU Convention on Corruption passed in 1997 makes it a criminal act to pay bribes inside and outside the European Union.

Question 14

ISCT

Answer 14

Integrative Social Contract Theory (ISCT). ISCT is a theory of business ethics developed by Donaldson and Dunfee and concerns cross-national cultural differences. ISCT consists of four different categories of norms: hypernorms, consistent norms, moral free space, and illegitimate norms.

Question 15

ATCA

Answer 15

The Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) allows noncitizens to sue individuals present in the US who committed acts of torture.

Question 16

in-kind

Answer 16

When companies make donations of their goods and services to charitable organizations these gifts are called in-kind donations.

Question 17

Wheeler and Sillanpaa

Answer 17

stakeholders can be categorized into primary, secondary, social and nonsocial groups.

Question 18

Richard Edwards

Answer 18

employee rights are based on law, contracts, and employer promises.

Question 19

Constructive dismissal

Answer 19

occurs when an employee resigns because of unpleasant or unreasonable working conditions placed on him or her by the employer.

Question 20

ADR

Answer 20

alternative dispute resolution - for discrimination and wrongful discharge cases

Question 21

exceptions to the employment-at-will principle

Answer 21

implied contract, implied covenant and violation of public policy.

Question 22

Statutory employee rights

Answer 22

provided by law

Question 23

kyoto protocol

Answer 23

2005 industrialized nations are required to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases.

Question 24

environmental justice

Answer 24

fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations and policies.

Question 25

CERCLA

Answer 25

superfund. The Superfund Law, formally called the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, creates this fund and sets strict obligations for the organization that releases a hazardous substance. In most cases, responsible parties are liable for the costs of cleaning hazardous waste, and are required to notify the EPA immediately when such an accident occurs.

Question 26

NEPA

Answer 26

(National Environmental Policy Act) requires federal agencies proposing “major federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment” to submit Environmental Impact Statements.

Question 27

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 27

(1938) concerned wages and overtime payments, child labor and equal rights.