Empire- Expansion And Consolidation Flashcards
What term is given to explain a shift in Britain’s imperial priorities following the loss of the American colonies at the end of the 18th century?
‘Swing to the east’
What had Britain experienced in the 19th century which made it the workshop of the world’?
Industrial Revolution
Explain what the term ‘cycle of dependency’ means in relation to Britain and Africa in the second half of the
19th century
Africa supplied raw materials to Britain which were turned into manufactured goods then sold back to Africa.
Between what years was a there an economic slump, term the ‘Great Depression’?
1873-1896
Define the term ‘Merchant-imperialist’.
a businessman or trader who actively supported or promoted imperial expansion because it benefited their commercial interests, often using empire to gain access to new markets, resources, and trade routes.
Why did Christian missionaries believe in Empire?
They saw it as a means to spread Christianity and civilize non-Christian societies, viewing their mission as a moral obligation to save souls and promote Western values.
When did Britain take control of a) Basutoland b) Zululand and c) Bechuanaland?
A)1868
B)1879
C)1885
Why was British interest revived in Egypt in 1861?
Suez canal (1869)
By the 1870s, what percentage of Egypt’s imports were coming from Britain?
80%
When was the Suez completed and when did Britain purchase a controlling share of it?
The Suez Canal was completed in 1869, and Britain purchased a controlling share of it in 1875.
Who replaced Ismail Pasha when he was deposed as Khedive in 1879?
Twefiq pasha (his son)
What changes did he make which brought about a nationalist uprising led by Colonel Arabi Pasha?
Tawfiq Pasha’s policies that favored foreign interests and increased foreign control over Egypt led to the nationalist uprising led by Colonel Arabi Pasha.
Which city in Egypt was bombarded by the British in 1882?
Alexandria
At which battle did the British defeat Colonel Arabi’s forces?
Battle of Tel el-Kebir in 1882.
Who was installed as governor General of Egypt in 1882?
Lord Edward Cromer
Who led a Sudanese jihadist army against the British which resulted in the siege of Khartoum and saw British forces removed from Sudan in 1885?
Muhammad Ahmad or the ‘Mahdi’, and his forces laid siege to Khartoum, resulting in the British withdrawal from Sudan in 1885.
What changes did he make which brought about a nationalist uprising led by Colonel Arabi Pasha?
He implemented policies that favored foreign interests and increased foreign control over Egypt, which angered many Egyptians and led to the nationalist uprising led by Colonel Arabi Pasha.
Why did prime Minister Gladstone not choose to retaliate?
Gladstone did not choose to retaliate because he believed in seeking a diplomatic solution rather than escalating military conflict.
How did the Berlin Conference impact on British expansion in Africa?
‘Effective occupation’ allowed Britain to consolidate its control over key territories and encouraged further exploration.
By 1900, how much of Africa was colonised?
90%
Into which colony was Ashantiland incorporated in 1902, following Ashanti wars in 1896 and 1900?
Ashantiland was incorporated into the Gold Coast colony in 1902, following the Ashanti wars in 1896 and 1900.
The British government took over the responsibilities of the Royal Niger Company in what years?
The British government took over the responsibilities of the Royal Niger Company in 1900.
Which territories made up British East Africa by 1914?
By 1914, British East Africa was made up of several territories, including Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika (part of present-day Tanzania).
With which European country did Britain sign a treaty with, which established British influence over Zanzibar in 1890?
Britain signed a treaty with Germany in 1890, which established British influence over Zanzibar.
