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Cog-Sci > Emotions and feelings > Flashcards

Emotions and feelings Flashcards

1
Q

An emotion is

A

a relatively brief episode of coordinated brain, autonomic, and behavioral changes that facilitate a response to an external or internal event of significance for the organism.”

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2
Q

Feelings are

A

correspond to the subjective experience of emotions. […] they are the way you as an individual experience the emotion

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3
Q

Moods

A

diffuse affective states that are often of lower intensity than [an] emotion but considerably longer in duration”.

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4
Q

The core features of emotion

A

a - behavioural & physiological responses
b - evolved from basic mechanisms of survival
c - attached to an object or situation

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5
Q

The core features of affect

A

free - floating state, mood

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6
Q

The core features of variables

A

valence, intensity/arousal

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7
Q

Positive valence

A

attractiveness

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8
Q

negative valence

A

aversiveness

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9
Q

James-Lange Theory of emotion

A

Event produces physiological arousal. The physiological changes are then interpreted to produce the emotion

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10
Q

Cannon-Bard Theory of emotion

A

The even itself can trigger the emotion and arousal (at different times), but the arousal does not have to come first

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11
Q

Diagram: James-Lange Theory of emotion

A

Event, arousal, interpretation, emotion

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12
Q

Diagram: Canon-Bard Theory of Emotion

A

Emotion, event, arousal (arousal and emotion are interchangeable)

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13
Q

Cognitive theory of Emotion

A

it is the event and the arousal happening in parallel, not just the arousal that causes an emotion

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14
Q

emergence- synthesis theory

A

some emotions do not require interpretation while others do. So, many different affective configurations are possible

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15
Q

Amygdala

A

Fear is caused when a threatening stimulus activates it. Can induce the feeling of being scared without any thought or appraisal

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16
Q

Internal factors of function of emotion

A

Plans, memories, extended appraisal, physiological changes

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17
Q

external predicaments of function of emotion

A

antecedents, consequences, coping, automatic appraisal

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18
Q

The neural mechanisms for reason and emotion are linked to classical view and romantic view

A

Reason - frontal/pre-frontal cortex

emotion - limbic system, esp amygdala

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19
Q

classical view

A

emotions get in the way of reason

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20
Q

romantic view

A

emotions are better than reason

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21
Q

Attention

A

acts like a filter, focusing on what’s important(salient) and blocking out the rest

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22
Q

Emotions

A

steer attention towards items in the visual field that are important for survival

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23
Q

Threat-superiority test

A

It is easer to detect an angry face hidden among neutral faces than it is to detect a happy face hidden among neutral faces

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24
Q

The stroop effect

A

it takes longer to name the colour of a word tat spells a different colour. There are two perceptual dimensions - the colour of the word and the meaning of the word

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25
Q

Flashbulb memory

A

Involves better recall for personal events during significant or emergency situations. Type of autobiographical memory since it is for events, not facts

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26
Q

Hierarchy of emotional influences on memory

A

Negative stimuli are remembered better than positive or neutral stimuli and more arousing stimuli, whether they are positive or negative, are remembered better

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27
Q

Mood congruent memory

A

moods must match during learning(only). We remember more stimuli if those stimuli match a mood we were in while learning them

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28
Q

Mood dependent memory

A

moods during learning must match during recall. Recall is better when the mood at recall matched that during learning.

29
Q

Amygdala

A

part of the limbic system, is responsible for classical conditioning of a fear response

30
Q

The ‘low road’

A

shorter neural circuit to the amygdala mediates fast emergency responses

31
Q

The ‘high road’

A

longer neural circuit to the amygala mediates more thoughtful responses

32
Q

Neurotransmitters fight/flight hormones

A

epinephrine, norepineprhine, travelling between nerve cells, activating the amygdala and hippocampus

33
Q

adrenaline/epinephrine

A

fight or flight

34
Q

norepinephrine

A

prepares the body for alertness/arousal

35
Q

noradrenaline

A

concentration

36
Q

dopamine

A

pleasure

37
Q

serotonin

A

mood

38
Q

y-aminobutryic acid

A

calming

39
Q

acetylcholine

A

learning

40
Q

glutamate

A

memory

41
Q

aspects of metacognitino

A

credit and blame (two prespectives of social cognition)

42
Q

mentalism

A

people use mental representations for social phenomena. Change - mental representations and cognitive processes develop, operate, and change over time

43
Q

functionalism

A

social cognitive processing serves a purpose. Cognition is emobided and distributed (units and levels) e.g. the success of the system depends on more than one individual or module

44
Q

Intentionality

A

people try to control the environment, objects can’t

45
Q

mutuality

A

people think about each other, objects don’t

46
Q

self-concept

A

others judge or talk about us and are similar to us, objects don’t

47
Q

observational bias

A

people act differently when observed, objects don’t

48
Q

nonobservable attributes

A

this we can’t see make a big difference, we can study objects more easily

49
Q

change

A

people change, objects change less

50
Q

accuracy of cognition

A

it can be hard to interpret others, easier to evaluate objects

51
Q

complexity

A

people are complex, objects are less complex

52
Q

explanation

A

we have to explain others, we don’t always have to explain objects

53
Q

thinking about

A

theory of mind, attribution, stereotypes

54
Q

thinking with

A

joint attention, common ground, distributed cognition

55
Q

The mentalist “theory of mind”

A

1) The ability to understand others’ mental states: belief, dsires, intentions
2) “we use our mutual knowledge, mutual beliefs, mutual expectations, mutual assumptions to ground our interactions”

56
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency to prefer internal or dispositional traits as best explanation for people’s behaviour

57
Q

self-serving bias

A

the tendency to explain our own failures to external causes but to explain other people’s failure as internal ones

58
Q

blief in a just world (phenomenon)

A

the phenomenon in which we think that people get what they deserve

59
Q

stereotypes

A

deal with our schemas about people, help us organise and understand people

60
Q

ingroup favouritism

A

views their own group as having more diversity, being more attractive, being nicer, being more socially acceptable

61
Q

outgroup homogeneity effect

A

others are seen as having more similarity

62
Q

prejudice

A

prejudgment about a group, person, thought (about a person or group), and a predisposition to act upon a prejudgement, involves emotions associated with a person or group, can be conscious or unconscious

63
Q

ontology can be:

A
  1. distributed across groups
  2. distributed over inner and outer processes
  3. culture can organize cognition
64
Q

distributed across groups

A

a group has an organization structure. Group intelligence has: public and private goals, emergent organizational structure and cans hare as well as transform information

65
Q

distributed over inner and outer processes

A

cognition can be distributed between internal processes and external processes or things

66
Q

culture organizes cognition

A

it can be distributed across time with products of earlier events cultural additions - transforming the nature of later events

67
Q

socially distributed cognition

A

can involve shared tacit knowledge… how to attend and what to attend to

68
Q

Joint salience

A

the ideal solution to a coordination problem among two or more agents is the solution that is more salient, prominent, or conspicious with respoect to their common ground

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