Emotional Intelligence Flashcards
What is emotional intelligence
- being able to understand our own and others emotions.
- as well as regulating our own emotions
Mayer & Salovey (1990)
- 4 branch model of emotional intelligence
1, regulate emotions
2, understanding different emotions
3, using emotions to facilitate thinking
4, perceiving emotions accurately in oneself and others
They came up with a emotional intelligence test MSCEIT
- two tasks per each of the 4 branches
- an example is respondents identifying emotions expressed in photographs of peoples faces
- emotional intelligence is a mental ability.
Goleman (1995)
- emotional intelligence is formulated in terms of theory of performance
- recognises emotional intelligence can be taught and isn’t always innate
5 components to emotional intelligence - self awareness
- self regulation
- self motivation
- empathy
- relationship management
BAR-ON (2005)
- influences by Darwins work, survival and adaption
5 main components in his mode: - interpersonal skills
- intrapersonal skills
- adaptability
- stress management
- general mood
controlling emotions as well as being self motivated and relating to others.
The emotional quotient inventory
(Bar-on, 1997)
- self report measure of social and emotional intelligence
- 133 items and 5 point scale
- scores as standardised and converted to EQ score
- mean is 100
- high score = effective emotional and social functioning
- low score = difficulty in managing daily demands
Gender differences in emotional intelligence
Golman describes emotionally intelligent males and females differently: male = outgoing, cheerful
female = assertive, positive about self (controversial and not relatable to real life
Mayer and Salovey: Women = women tend to score higher than men across perception, integration, understanding and management
Bar on: no significance found between men and women for overall emotional intelligence
What is empathy
- Emotionally feel how others might be feeling
- young children are the least empathetic
- Empathy underpins other psychological abilities and behaviours
- Empathy helps to engage in moral reasoning and know when to performa pro social behaviours
- Also fundamental for development
Social perspective of empathy
(Riva & Andrighetto)
- Empathise physical pain equally with everyone
- But, rate social pain as being more painful for victims who are similar to us.
Cognitive perspective of empathy
(Bluck et al, 2012)
- when participants shared their own autobiographic memories of being in pain they had higher levels of empathy in the second of empathy towards both the young and elderly targets
Biological perspective of empathy
(Jackson et al, 2005)
- Watching others experience painful experiences can activate a region of the brain with personal pain
Developmental perspective of empathy
(Zahn-Waxler et al, 1992)
- Children’s became more empathetic over second hear of their life, they became more willing to help others.
- They began to stop responding positively such as laughing as they got older
What is emotional regulation
Gross 1998
- Suggests that parents can discuss emotional states with their children to help them manage their emotions. Things which could be discussed:
Conscious process - actively and deliberately suppressing emotions
Unconscious process - automatic actions and habit to reduce intensity of emotions
external and internal factors
Causes and consequences of problems in emotional regulation
- When children can’t regulate emotions, they find it hard to understand their own emotions they also may lack emotional intelligence
- High levels of emotional availability in child parent relationships are associated with goof emotional regulant skills in infants
- infants with depressed mothers cope with stress differently compared to those without depressed mothers.
Strategies fore helping emotional regulation
- Working on s specific behaviour, this could be preventing a child having tantrums
- Trying to help a child understand their own emotions
- Talking strategies between parent and child to help them manage their emotions
Emotional Intelligence in the work place
- people with higher emotional intelligence are more successful in their careers, they are better at taking on opinions of others (Cooper, 1997)
-Barret et al 2002, found that many studies which state emotional intelligence is linked with career success haven’t been peer reviewed and are collected by consulting companies
Emotional intelligence and creativity
- Emotionally intelligent employees are likely to display high levels of generosity, these acts of generosity foster creative behaviours (Carmeli et al, 2013)
Emotional intelligence and education
- Petrides, Fredrickson & Furnham (2004), emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between IQ and academic performance
- better emotional intelligence facilitates academic performance
Emotional Intelligence and Wellbeing
- EI is associated with resilience and positive self evaluation (DI Fabio and Kenny, 2012)
- A protective factor against suicidal ideation is in adolescents is emotional intelligence (Bonet et al 2020)
Criticisms of Emotional intelligence
Salovey and Mayor (1990)
- it doesn’t require any intelligence, it is just about how we focus our attention
- you can’t assign skills and habits as intelligence
Criticisms of emotional intelligence models
- models are really complex (bar on, 5 different domains and 15 aspects)
- Goleman model uses broad skills
- Eyesenck says that models combine personality and emotion and this is problematic
- although, models do allow us to see behaviours come together to define high performance
Use of EI assessment in the work place
- Emotional intelligence models were created by Americans
- It has been found that Germans have differences to Americans (Sharma et al, 2009)
- Uk residents scored higher on EI than Hong Kong residents
- Karmin et al, MSCEIT factor structures fairly similar across Pakistani and fresh students
