Emotion, Stress & Health Flashcards
What is Darwin’s theory of the evolution of emotional expression?
- expressions of emotion evolve from behaviors that indicate what an animal is likely to do next
- if emotional signals are beneficial, they will evolve to more effectively communicate and may lose their original meaning
What is Darwin’s principle of antithesis?
Opposite messages are often signaled by opposite movements
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
- stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response which triggers emotion
- autonomic/skeletal response necessary for emotion
What is the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
- stimulus triggers autonomic/skeletal response and emotion
- autonomic/skeletal response independent of emotion
What is the modern biopsychological emotion theory?
-emotion and autonomic response intertwined
What is the control-question polygraph technique?
-physiological response to a target question compared with response to control question
What is the guilty knowledge polygraph technique?
- ask a question that only the culprit would know the answer to
- if guilty, should have internal emotional response to question
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
- facial muscles influence emotional experience
- ex: smiling makes you feel happer
What is the neural pathway for fear conditioning?
- pair a neutral stimulus with an aversive stimulus
- present the tone later and the animal will show a conditioned fear response
What role does the amygdala play in fear conditioning?
- lesions of the amygdala block fear conditioning
- the amygdala receives input from all sensory systems
What happens when you lesion the hippocampus before fear conditioning?
Prevents fear conditioning
What happens when you lesion the hippocampus after fear conditioning?
Blocks retention of conditioning (undoes it essentially)
What brain structure is primarily involved in emotion-cognitive interaction?
Medial prefrontal lobes
What brain structure is involved in cognitive suppression & reappraisal of emotional response?
Medial prefrontal lobes
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis?
- stress response
- corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
- adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
- negative feedback loop
What are the pathways by which sympathetic innervation triggers the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine?
-anterior-pituitary adrenal cortex system
What are the two divisions of the immune system?
Innate & Adaptive
What is characteristic of the innate immune system?
- first line of defense
- non-specific, attacks generic classes of pathogens
What is characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
- targets specific pathogens identified by their antigens
- has memory (vaccines)
- slower response
What does inflammation do?
- delivers cells to infected area
- provides physical barrier
- repair of injured tissue
What is inflammation?
Heat, pain, redness and swelling
What are T cells?
- fight infection
- bind to macrophage
- develop into a form that kills body cells that have been infected by the microorganism
What are B cells?
- fight infection
- foreign antigens are bound by B cells with an appropriate receptor
- replicate and develop into a form that releases antibodies to the antigen
- antibodies bind to the antigens and kill or deactivate the microorganism
What division of the immune system has T and B cells?
Adaptive
