Emotion Flashcards
How can we test for anxiety?
Open box test
You leave the mouse to explore the maze
The mouse will try and hide in the closed section of the maze
Anxiety-like behaviour is determined by seeing how much time the mouse spends in the open and closed arms
You are measuring the manifestation of anxiety
How can we test for depression?
forced swim test, decrease in opioid substances
What did James long suggest about emotion?
James Long: we experience emotion in response to physiological changes in body (crying induces sadness) (manifestation leads to emotion)
What is the cannon-bard theory?
The Cannon–Bard theory: emotions occur independent of emotional expression—no correlation with physiological state
What is emotion?
• Emotional expression – Animal and human studies • Emotional experience – Human studies • Affective Neuroscience – neural basis of emotion and mood – (mood as an emotion extended in time)
Compare james long and cannon bard theory
- The James–Lange theory: emotion experienced in response to physiological changes in body
- The Cannon–Bard theory: emotions occur independent of emotional expression—no correlation with physiological state
Is there a brain system responsible for Emotions?
• Broca’s Limbic lobe o Limbus (latin) means border o primitive cortical gyri that form a ring around the brain stem • Broca’s limbic lobe includes o the parahippocampal gyrus o the cingulate gyrus o the subcallosal gyrus
What system is the Broca’s limbic lobe part of?
What does it contain?
The Limbic System
o Areas of brain forming a ring around corpus callosum: cingulate gyrus, medial surface temporal lobe, hippocampus
Describe the The Papez Circuit
On image
• Cortex critical for emotional experience
• Hippocampus governs behavioral expression of emotion
– Rabies infection implicates hippocampus in emotion -> hyperemotional responses
• Anterior thalamus
– Lesions lead to spontaneous laughing or crying.
• Paul MacLean popularized the term limbic system.
– Evolution of limbic system allows animals to experience and express emotions beyond stereotyped brain stem behaviors.
What are the Functions of limbic system?
What makes up the limbic system?
Anatomically the limbic system appears to have a role in attaching a behavioral significance and response to a stimulus, especially with respect to its emotional content
Damage to the limbic system leads to profound effects on the emotional responsiveness of the animal
• Cingulate gyrus
– role in complex motor control
– pain perception
– social interactions-mood
• Hippocampus proper and parahippocampal areas
– primary function in memory (critical role in connecting certain sensations and emotions to these memories)
• Amygdala
– involved in learning and storage of emotional aspects of experience
Describe the structure and connections of the amydala?
• Receives input from neocortex
o All lobes, including hippocampal, and cingulate gyri
• Basolateral nuclei
o Receives information from all sensory systems
• Corticomedial nuclei
• Central nuclei
• Output to hypothalamus (region involved in expression of emotion)
o Stria terminalis
o Ventral amygdalofugal pathway
How is the amygdala involved in aggression?
Amygdala is also important in predatory (lateral hypothalamus -> medial forebrain bundle -> VTA) and affective aggression (dominance) (medial hypothalamus - > dorsal longitudinal fasciculus -> peripheral grey matter)
How is aggression related to serotonin?
Aggression is inversely related to serotonergic activity.
• 5HT antagonist increase aggression
• Agonists of 5HT1A or 5HT1B decrease anxiety and aggressiveness
• In humans also, reports of negative correlation between serotonin activity and aggression
