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Biological Psychology (PSYC2530) > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Measuring emotion

A

Cardiac output (heart rate & blood pressure)
Skin conductance (sweating)
Hormones (cortisol & adrenaline)
Pupil dilation

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2
Q

Measuring emotion: self-report data (Cambell & Eglert, 2012)

A

Meta analysis of 49 studies

Objective + subjective measures only correlate 25% of the time

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3
Q

Inducing emotion

A 
Watching videos
Viewing images
Listening to music
Recalling memories
Performing tasks
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4
Q

What are the 3 theories of emotion?

A
  • James-Lange theory
  • Cannon-bard theory
  • Schacter-Singer theory
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5
Q

James-Lange theory suggests that…

A

physiological changes cause emotions, not the other way around

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6
Q

Research support for James-Lange theory

A

Hohmann (1966): emotions are less intense for individuals with higher spinal cord injury –> brain is insensitive to a proportion of the body –> decreasing feedback about physiological responses

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7
Q

Research inconsistencies with James-Lange theory

A

Cobos et al. (2002): individuals with spinal cord injuries had the same emotional experiences/responses as a control group without spinal cord injuries

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8
Q

Cannon-Bard theory suggests that…

A

physical and emotional responses occur simultaneously but independently of one another

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9
Q

Criticism of James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory

A

Research has shown that the ANS is not required for experiencing emotions - patients with broken necks can still experience emotions despite losing feedback from their ANS

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10
Q

Schacter-Singer theory suggests that…

A

emotion is the cognitive interpretation of a physiological response - people create cognitive labels in response to feelings

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11
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

muscles of facial expression can regulate emotional experience (e.g. happier as a result of smiling)

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12
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis: support

A

Botox paralyses facial muscles and prevents muscle feedback

Research: emotions are experiences less intensely post-Botox treatment (Davis et al., 2010)

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13
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis: Wagenmaker et al. (2016)

A

Meta-analysis of 17 studies

Inconsistent evidence regarding FFH

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14
Q

Hypothalamus is involved in the ______ _______ of emotion.

A

physical expression

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15
Q

Lateral area of hypothalamus is associated with…

A

pleasure

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16
Q

Medial area of hypothalamus is associated with…

A

displeasure

17
Q

What is sham rage?

A

A state marked by fear or anger in the presence of non significant provocation

18
Q

Sham rage in cats (Bard, 1927)

A

Cats without cerebral cortex showed sham rage (highly emotional but not directed towards threat)

19
Q

Sham rage can be induced by stimulating…

A

the hypothalamus

20
Q

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

Bilateral lesions of the amygdala in monkeys results in diminished fear responses (hyperdocility)

21
Q

Amygdala removal in monkeys

A

permanent disruption of social behaviour - fall in social standing after demonstrating a lack of threat perception)

22
Q

Preparedness model (Seligman, 1970, 1971)

A

Display of fear to biologically relevant stimuli without experiencing it before

23
Q

The general adaptation syndrome (GAS, Selye, 1951): 3 stages of the stress response

A
  1. alarm - distress signal sent to brain, causing physiological changes to prepare for “fight or flight”
  2. resistance - parasympathetic branch of ANS tries to return body to normal by reducing levels of cortisol produced
  3. exhaustion - body is depleted of energy and no longer equipped to fight stress… health risks
24
Q

Aspects of empathy (Stotland & Dunn, 1963)

A

Cognitive (perspective taking) and emotional (sharing)

25
Q

Somatic marker hypothesis:

A

emotion-based biasing signals arising from the body are integrated in higher brain regions (particularly VMPFC) to regulate decision-making in situations of complexity

26
Q

James-Lange theory: there are different _______ _______ for different _______.

A

There are different PHYSIOLOGICAL PATTERNS for different EMOTIONS.

Biological Psychology (PSYC2530) (4 decks)

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