Emotion

Question 1

Evolutionary Approach

Answer 1

Charles Darwin -19th c.

• Emotions evolved traits universal to the human species

Question 2

Paul Ekman

Answer 2

• Cross cultural research program he called ‘neruocultural’
• Took photos of ‘basic emotions’ to ‘preliterate For tribesmen’ in Papua New Guinea who ‘recognised them’
• Happiness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust and sadness are ‘universal emotions’ based on facial muscle movement

Question 3

Renato Rosaldo

Answer 3

• Grief and Headhunter’s Rage
• Wife fell of a cliff and died while they were investigating a Ilongot which kills others when a member of their family dies
• Understood the rage in grief only after she died
• Bourdieu’s notion of ‘positioned subject’
• Verbal description doesn’t provide access - to understand other’s emotions ethnographer needs to share basic life experiences that evoke those feelings

Question 4

Lila Abu-Lughod

Answer 4

• Egyptian Bedouin
• Emotions as cultural products embodied
• Politics of sentiment - inseparable from and interpenetrated with changing power relations in social life

Question 5

Michelle Rosaldo

Answer 5

• Emotion and thought in Ilongot society
• Ilongot term liget (anger) requires a mapping of multiple usages across a variety of social contexts
• Emotions are thoughts somehow ‘felt’ in flushes, pulses, ‘movements’ of our livers, minds, hearts, stomachs, skin.
• Embodied thoughts

Question 6

Bambi Schieffelin

Answer 6

• 1985, Ceremonial Grieving

- Kaluli wedding - audience attacking the dancers who represent evil spirits responsible for loss

Question 7

Toraja of South Sulawesi

Answer 7

• Actively devalue anger and discourage its display
• Absence of depression
• Anger incurs punishment of supernatural forces

Question 8

Lakoff and Kovecses

Answer 8

• Conceptualisation of anger in common English language metaphors as hot fluid in a container - boiling, steaming, bursting etc
• Cultural ways of conceptualising anger