Emotion Flashcards
What is the difference between an emotion and a mood?
Duration.
Emotions are fleeting transient responses.
Moods are long lasting and pervasive.
What was Paul Ekibin’s traditional viewpoint of the amount of emotions we have?
That there are 6 primary emotions
Happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger and disgust
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
The situation determines the physiological state, and the physiological state determines the emotion.
What is the facial feedback hypothesis?
if someone is forced to wear a smile (by inserting a pen in their mouth) then they will naturally find stimulus more amusing due to physiology.
What are the Cannon critiques of James-Lange theory of emotion?
- our autonomic responses are relatively slow
- If psychosomatic input is disrupted then emotions should be disrupted; this wasn’t the case.
- Many emotional states are linked to same visceral responses, if JL was true we would have distinct physiological states for each emotion.
- We should be able to artificially produce emotion by inducing physiological states.
What is the cannon-bard theory of emotion?
The situation we are in determines a cognitive and physiological state and that both of these are important in our experience of emotion.
What is the Schacter-Singer two-factor theory?
Physiological and cognitive appraisal are critical in emotion.
It’s our cognitive appraisal that determines which emotion we feel and it’s our physiological arousal that determines the intensity of feeling.
CA determines emotion
PA determines intensity of emotion, how angry, how euphoric.
What is the Schacter-Singer experiment, testing their theory?
Recruited participants saying they were receiving an injection of a multivitamin.
- Some participants were injected with either adrenaline or epinephrine - increasing heart rate, skin response, physiological arousal.
- Some participants had a placebo, injected with nothing
- Two groups, ones given adrenaline were told 1 of 3 things.
a. what adrenaline does (awareness)
b. they would get itchy eyeballs (miss identification)
c. nothing
- Placebo group told nothing
- all participants wait with a confederate who induced either an anger state or a euphoria situation.
6. results Group 3a (adrenaline, told what to expect) "I'm very happy/angry but its the effect of the injection"
Group 3b (adrenaline, eye balls) “felt very happy/ very angry”
Group 3c (told nothing) “not as intense, had general feelings”
Group 4c (placebo) quite angry, quite happy
What did Schacter and Singer conclude from results?
Emotional intensity can be influenced by our physiological arousal, arousal allows us to determine the degree of the emotion that we are experiencing.
What was the idea that sparked the Dutton and Arron bridge study?
If physiological arousal could determine intensity of emotion, was it possible to miss attribute this intensity for a different emotion.
What was the findings of the Bridge study?
University students who met researcher after the suspension bridge were more likely to phone her than the concrete sample.
Thus, those that went across the suspension bridge were miss interpreting their physiological arousal of fear for attractiveness to the researcher.
What does the amygdala have to do with emotion?
It seems to be active in conditioning our fear responses and activates in a general response to heightened emotions.
However, our brain activates in a holistic way when we experience emotion.
What are the limitations of the traditional/basic emotions approach?
They lack agreement on how many emotions there are.
Lack specificity of physiological responses to each emotion.
There is difficulty localising these in the brain.
A stressful experience has physiological and emotional arousal. What are the two systems that are stimulated when a stress response is evoked?
An endocrine response which is our hormonal system.
Then is a sympathetic nervous system response.
the SNS is underpinning psychological arousal and transient emotion.
What role does the hypothalamus play in the in stress responses?
As they hypothalamus is in charge of our primal instincts, it because aroused when under stress so the body reacts accordingly. The pituitary via the hypothalamus releases hormones into the blood which aid in stress.
