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Psychology > Emotion > Flashcards

Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the five basic emotions

A

Anger, Joy, sadness, disgust, fear

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2
Q

What can emotions be triggered by

A

Internal and external factors

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3
Q

What 3 components are emotions made up of

A
  • subjective feelings
  • expressive behaviours
  • physiological arousal
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4
Q

Define expressive behaviours

A

Refers to observable expressions of behaviour that communicate emotions

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5
Q

Define physiological arousal

A

Internal bodily reactions

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6
Q

What does a polygraph record

A
  • physiological responses

- Heart rate and blood pressure

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7
Q

Give examples of biological changes in the body when feeling fear

A
  • increased heart rate
  • digestive processes
  • skin temp/colour
  • muscle tension
    Release of neurotransmitters (cortisol, seratonin, dopamine, adrenaline, oxytocin)
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8
Q

What is purpose of FFF

A

Protective mechanism
Survival adaptation
Helps us respond to a threat

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9
Q

What is happening when the SNS is in charge

A

When you perceive a threat, the SNS is activated

  • Blood is diverted towards the major muscle groups
  • Bladder relaxes
  • Mouth goes dry
  • Nauseous
  • Butterflies
  • Cold hands
  • Sweaty palms
  • Legs and hands start trembling
  • Tension in shoulders
  • Our brain focuses on negative memories
  • Pupils dilate
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10
Q

What is happening when the PNS is in charge

A
  • Activated when the threat has disappeared

- Return the body to normal

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11
Q

how can we measure physiological responses

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Facial electromyography (EMG) measures changes in muscle contraction that occur during positive and negative emotional experiences
  • Galvanic skin conductance- measures changes in voltage caused by sympathetic nervous system
  • Heart rate measures rate that heart is pumping blood around the body
  • Body temperature
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12
Q

give 5 examples of physiological responses

A
  • release of hormones or neurotransmitters
  • temp colour
  • breathing
  • Digestive changes
  • muscle tension
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13
Q

apply verbal communication and non verbal communication to a scenario

A

verbal communication- exchange of words, Oral communication (face to face, lectures, phone calls, interviews), Written communication (text messages, letters, notes, emails), Paralanguage (tone, pitch, volume)

non verbal communication- Body language (gestures, posture, facial expressions), Eye movements (eye contact, frequency of glances, blinking rate), Sense of touch, Proximity of persons

in a library verbal communication will be low, non verbal will be high

at a festival or concert verbal communication will be high, non verbal will be low

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14
Q

what is Plutchik’s theory’s purpose

A

Suggests that our basic emotions act as a way for us to adapt to the environment to aid survival

eg) Fear can stop us from acknowledging a possible threat or from entering a dangerous situation, therefore it’s function is to protect us and aid survival

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15
Q

name Plutchik’s 8 primary emotions

A 
joy
sadness
acceptance 
disgust 
fear 
anger 
surprise 
anticipation
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16
Q

what is a secondary emotion

A

a mixture or blend of primary emotions

eg) joy + trust = love

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17
Q

what does he mean by intensities

A

intensities are shown through colour on Plutchik’s wheel.

The more intense the colour, more more intense the emotion.

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18
Q

apply Schachter singers theory to a scenario

A

for example, if you were to see a venomous snake in your backyard, the Schachter Singer theory argues that the snake would trigger the sympathetic nervous system activating physiological responses.

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19
Q

describe the stages in Schachter’s theory

A

stimulus/trigger
physiological arousal
appraisal/interpretation of response
feeling/emotion

20
Q

what is the amygdala? What is its role in emotional functioning?

A

The amygdala is a part of the brain that detects and processes fearful and threatening stimuli. The amygdala plays a role in processing emotional information and is heavily implicated in mood and anxiety disorders. It also drives the FFF.

21
Q

explain how damage to the amygdala affects behaviour

A

damage to the amygdala can cause poor decision making and impaired emotional memories

22
Q

explain the cultural influence on gestures

A
  • cultures show similarities in expressing and recognising emotions through the face
  • cultures show differences in display rules of appropriate facial expressions and gestures
23
Q

what is the limbic system

A

The limbic system is the area of the brain most heavily implicated in emotion and memory. Its structures include the hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus.

24
Q

what is the role of the hypothalamus

A

The hypothalamus plays a role in the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which is a part of any emotional reaction.

25
Q

what is the hippocampus

A

The hippocampus integrates emotional experience with cognition and is also linked to mood and anxiety disorders.

26
Q

what is the cerebellum

A

movement, balance

27
Q

what does plutchik mean by an emotion is inherited and serves an adaptive, survival purpose?

A

he suggests that our basic emotions act as a way for us to adapt to the environment to aid survival.

for example; fear can stop us from acknowledging a possible threat or from entering a dangerous situation.

28
Q

explain how the body returns to a normal state after experiencing fight or flight.

A

parasympathetic nervous system is activated to maintain homeostasis. It makes sure everything is balanced and helps you relax and restore energy.

29
Q

what are examples of external factors in someones life?

A

(i.e. lifestyle, the situation, context of experiences)

= things happening in someone’s external environment

30
Q

what are examples of internal factors in someones life?

A

(i.e. person’s own needs, thoughts, personality factors)

= things happening in someone’s mind and psyche

31
Q

how can we measure expressive behaviours

A

Behavioural observations

Keep a journal or diary (self-report)

32
Q

how can we measure subjective feelings

A 
Self-report methods
Questionnaires
Self-monitoring 
(journals, diaries)
Clinical interviews
33
Q

what is emotional intelligence

A

Refers to people’s ability to monitor their own and other people’s emotional states and to use this information to act wisely in life

34
Q

what are biological treatments for personality and mood disorders

A

Medication
diet
exercise

35
Q

what are self help treatments for personality and mood disorders

A

Change lifestyle and decision making
Developing positive routines and habits
positive relationships

36
Q

what are psychological treatments for personality and mood disorders

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy

Dialectical behavioural therapy

37
Q

what is CBT? how can it be helpful?

A

Cognitive behavioral therapy is a short-term therapy technique that can help people find new ways to behave by changing their thought patterns.

a professional counsellor or therapist works with an individual to help them find new ways of coping with thoughts, feelings and emotions.

38
Q

what is a theory?

A

a theory explains how some aspect of human behaviour or performance is organised. Therefore it enables us to make predictions about that behaviour.

39
Q

what are the four characteristics that emotions have?

A
  1. They are positive or negative
  2. They are primary or secondary (mixed/blend of two)
  3. They vary in intensity
  4. They are often polar opposites

Plutchik states that we cannot experience opposite emotions at the same time!

40
Q

what two things is a persons experience of an emotion influenced by according to Schachter

A
  • An individual’s interpretation of the event at the time

- Their past memory of that event (if they have one)

41
Q

why do the 8 primary emotions exist?

A

plutchik suggests that each primary emotion triggers a behaviour

for example; fear triggers the FFF response.

42
Q

how do you manage stress in everyday life?

A
  • Meditate
  • Practice deep breathing
  • Maintain physical exercise
  • Maintain good nutrition
  • Manage social media time
  • Connect with others
43
Q

what bodily systems are involved in experiencing and processing emotions?

A
  • limbic system (the brain)
  • autonomic nervous system (the bodys stress response)
  • Reticular activating system (network of neurons inside the brain)
44
Q

what is the Yerkes Dodson Law?

A

The Yerkes-Dodson Law states that there is an empirical relationship between a person’s arousal and their performance on a task
People perform best with some physiological arousal
Yerkes-Dodson Law suggests that a moderate level of arousal is ideal for task performance

45
Q

what is distress

A

distress=negative stress (deadlines, overthinking, overwhelmed, perfectionism, fights)

46
Q

what is eustress

A

eustress= positive sources of stress (date night, birthday, win)

Psychology (4 decks)

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