Emile Durkheim

Question 1

In general, what was Emile Durkheim to do with?

Answer 1

3 things:
Division of Labour
Suicides
Elementary Forms of Religious Life

Question 2

What is Durkheim’s Overview?

Answer 2

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Question 3

What was Emile Durkheim’s lifespan?

Answer 3

1858 - 1917

Question 4

What was Durkheim’s life like?

Answer 4

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Question 5

What was Durkheim’s character like?

Answer 5

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Question 6

What is meant by ‘The Radical Durkheim’?

Answer 6

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Question 7

In what ways was Durkheim Conservative?

Answer 7

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Question 8

In what ways is Durkheim sexist?

Answer 8

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Question 9

What was Durkheim’s involvement in The Dreyfus Affair?

Answer 9

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Question 10

Why do we study Durkheim?

Answer 10

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Question 11

What is meant by Durkheim and ‘moral individualism?

Answer 11

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Question 12

When was ‘The Division of Labour in Society’ made, and what is it?

Answer 12

1893

It was Durkheim’s doctoral dissertation.

Question 13

What does ‘The Division of Labour in Society’ look at?

Answer 13

It Traces how forms of morality and social solidarity are articulated through societal organisation and division of labour practices.

It looks at the social aspect of division of labour, rather than the economical aspect, which Adam Smith looks more into. The sociological view is linked to the economical view, but goes further into it.

Question 14

How does ‘The Division of Labour in Society’ position against moral philosophers?

Answer 14

Positioned against moral philosophies that presumed ethical principles to be ‘a priori’ in nature – deduced from reason, pre-existing or independent of our experience

For Durkheim, ethics and moral principles can only be understood through empirical observation

Question 15

How does ‘The Division of Labour in Society’ position against theorists Spencer, and Comte?

Answer 15

The Division of Labour in Society’ p’ositioned against thinkers in the sociological tradition

Spencer: Solidarity in modern industrial societies bound up in theories of self-interest and social contract

Comte: Solidarity amongst social actors due to strong and shared moral values

Question 16

What is a Mechanical Society, and an Organic Society?

Answer 16

Mechanical:

Organic:

Question 17

What is a Mechanical and Organic Society, in terms of Labour?

Answer 17

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Question 18

What is a Mechanical and Organic Society, in terms of its Place?

Answer 18

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Question 19

What is a Mechanical and Organic Society, in terms of Law?

Answer 19

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Question 20

What is a Mechanical and Organic Society, in terms of Affiliation?

Answer 20

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Question 21

What is a Mechanical and Organic Society, in terms of Culture?

Answer 21

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Question 22

What is meant by ‘abnormal forms of division of labour’?

Answer 22

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Question 23

What are the three abnormal forms of division of labour?

Answer 23

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Question 24

What is meant by ‘Abnormal division of labour’?

Answer 24

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Question 25

What is meant by 'Forced division of labour'?

Answer 25

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Question 26

What is meant by 'Poorly Co-ordinated division of labour'?

Answer 26

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Question 27

What is meant by Anomie?

Answer 27

o Lack of regulation binding individuals to a sense of common cause o Feelings of moral restraint and, moreover, a sense of wider belonging weakened o A pathological reading of contemporary society

Question 28

What are the criticisms of 'The Division of Labour in Society'?

Answer 28

We must be skeptical of Durkheim’s metaphors that equate social systems 1: with biological systems - e.g., characterising societies as ‘healthy’ or ‘pathological’ (Ray 1999) 2: with chemical processes - e.g., ideas of population densities (Pearce 2001)

Question 29

What is 'The Division of Labour in Society' an early version of?

Answer 29

The Divisions of Labour ‘contain an early version of the characteristic Durkheimian treatment of the relations between history, moral authority and human freedom. Freedom consists, not in escape from social forces and social bonds, but in the autonomy of action that membership of society makes possible’ (Giddens 1978: 29)

Question 30

When was 'Rules of Sociological Method' made?

Answer 30

1895

Question 31

What subjects were 'Rules of Sociological Method' based off?

Answer 31

Biology, Psychology, Economics, Philosophy

Question 32

What is 'Rules of Sociological Method' about?

Answer 32

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Question 33

What are the 3 main aims of 'Rules of Sociological Method'?

Answer 33

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Question 34

What is meant by 'Social Fact'?

Answer 34

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Question 35

What are the 2 types of Social Fact?

Answer 35

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Question 36

What are 3 examples of Social Fact?

Answer 36

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Question 37

Why is crime not a social fact?

Answer 37

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Question 38

What is meant by 'placing the individual within the social'?

Answer 38

‘every time that a social phenomenon is directly explained by a psychological phenomenon, we may be sure that the explanation is false’ ([1895] 1964: 104)

Question 39

When was Durkheim's 'Suicide' written?

Answer 39

1897

Question 40

What is 'Suicide' about?

Answer 40

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Question 41

How is Suicide a Social Fact?

Answer 41

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Question 42

What are Questions on Integration?

Answer 42

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Question 43

What are Questions on Regulation?

Answer 43

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Question 44

What are the 4 Types of Suicide?

Answer 44

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Question 45

What is Anomic Suicide?

Answer 45

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Question 46

What is Anomic Suicide a sign of?

Answer 46

Not enough regulation

Question 47

What is Fatalistic Suicide?

Answer 47

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Question 48

What is Fatalistic Suicide a sign of?

Answer 48

Too much regulation

Question 49

What is Altruistic Suicide a sign of?

Answer 49

Too much integration

Question 50

What is Altruistic Suicide?

Answer 50

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Question 51

What is Egoistic Suicide a sign of?

Answer 51

Not enough integration

Question 52

What is Egoistic Suicide?

Answer 52

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Question 53

What are examples of Anomic Suicide?

Answer 53

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Question 54

What are examples of Fatalistic Suicide?

Answer 54

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Question 55

What are examples of Altruistic Suicide?

Answer 55

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Question 56

What are examples of Egoistic Suicide?

Answer 56

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Question 57

What are the Criticisms of 'Suicide'?

Answer 57

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Question 58

What is the Impact of 'Suicide'?

Answer 58

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Question 59

What is the distinction between early and late Durkheimian work?

Answer 59

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Question 60

What is 'Elementary Forms of Religious Life'?

Answer 60

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