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Small Animal Medicine Module B > Emesis in dogs and cats - full review > Flashcards

Emesis in dogs and cats - full review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the broad gastrointestinal conditions associated with emesis?

A 
Gastritis
Gastric or intestinal neoplasia/ polyps
Gastric ulceration
Gastric/ intestinal entrapment
Pyloric stenosis
Foreign body
Dietary
Infection/ infestation
Inflammatory bowel diseases
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2
Q

What types of gastritis are there?

A

Eosinophilic
Lymphoplasmacytic
Granulomatous
Acute

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3
Q

What can cause gastric ulceration?

A 
NSAIDs
Irritants
Neoplasia
Metabolic
Hypergastrinaemia
Mastocytosis
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4
Q

What can cause gastric/intestinal entrapment?

A 
Diaphragmatic hernia
Hiatal hernia
GDV
Intusussception
Strangulation
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5
Q

What types of pyloric stenosis are there?

A

Congenital

Chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy

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6
Q

What are the main infections/ infestations associated with vomiting in dogs?

A 
Parvovirus
Campylobacter
Distemper
Salmonella
Mycobacterium
Fungus (not in UK)
Hookworms/ Roundworms
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7
Q

What are the three main types of inflammatory bowel diseases?

A

Eosinophilic
Lymphoplasmacytic
Granulomatous

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8
Q

What are the main severe possbile consequences of emesis?

A

Acid-base imbalances/ electrolyte disturbances
Hypovolaemia
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Aspiration pneumonia

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9
Q

What are the main systemic types of condition associated with vomiting?

A

Metabolic
Toxic
Drug induced

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10
Q

What metabolic issues are associated with vomiting?

A 
Uraemia
Ketoacidosis
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypoadrenocorticism
Hyper/hypocalcaemia
Hypokalaemia
Hyper/hyponatraemia
Septicaemia
Hyperviscosity
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11
Q

What are some of the main toxins associated with vomiting?

A 
Lead
Ethylene glycol
Theobromine
Apomorphine
Ethanol
Lillies (cats)
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12
Q

What are some of the main drugs assocaited with vomiting?

A

Chemotheraputics (e.g. cisplatic, methotrexate)
Digoxin
Erythromycin

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13
Q

What nervous system disorders are associated with emesis in the dog?

A 
Trauma
Space occupying lesions
Hydrocephalus
Meningitis/ encephalitis
Motion sickness
Vestibular disease
Cerebella disease
Visceral epilepsy
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14
Q

In what breeds is chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy more common in?

A

Certain toy breeds

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15
Q

How is the relationship to eating important with vomiting?

A

> 10-12 hours after suggests delayed gastric emptying

No relationship to eating possibly more likely to be extra GI (not including pancreas)

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16
Q

Why is lipid profile something to use with parvovirus?

A

It works as in indicator of prognosis

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17
Q

Why is oral feeding better than perenteral?

A

Studies in humans show reduced infection rate, better prognosis, decreased bacterial translocation, earlier discharge, cheaper

18
Q

What receptors are in the CRTZ?

A

D2
NK-1
5-HT3

19
Q

What receptors are in the vomiting centre?

A

NK-1

AChM

20
Q

What are the main infections that can cause vomiting in cats?

A 
Coronavirus
FIP
Feline panleukopaenia virus
Other bacterial infections
Virulent calicivirus
21
Q

What is feline acute haemorrhagic vomiting syndrome?

A

Self limiting acute vomiting, often with fresh blood, occurring in outbreaks in rescue shelters in UK, aetiology currently unknown.

22
Q

What is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrinomas secrete gastrin, leading to overproduction of acid.

23
Q

What non GI tract abdominal causes of emesis are there?

A 
Hepatobiliary disease
Pancreatic disease
Peritonitis
Renal disease
Splenic disease
Steatitis
Urogenital disease
Adrenal gland tumours
24
Q

What hepatobiliary diseases are associated with vomiting?

A 
Neoplasia
Chronic hepatitis
Cholangiohepatitis
Cholangitis/ cholecystitis
Hepatic lipidosis
PPDH
Biliary cirrhosis/ atresia
25
Q

What pancreatic diseases may cause vomiting?

A

Pancreatitis
Pancreatic cysts/ abscess
EPI
Neoplasia

26
Q

What types of urogenital disease may cause vomiting?

A 
Pyo
Prostatitis
Uroperitoneum
Urethral obstruction
Uterine rupture
Congenital abnormalities
27
Q

What are the main types of periotonitis?

A

Bile
Urine
Septic

28
Q

What are the MOST common causes of chronic vomiting in cats?

A 
IBD
Adverse reactions to food
Liver disease
Uraemia
(Hyperthyroidism)
29
Q

What respiratory disease may relate to vomiting?

A

Chronic nasal disease

30
Q

Compare abdominal pain with pancreatitis in dogs and cats

A

More consistent in dogs, may not be present in cats.

31
Q

What does bile in the vomit suggest?

A

Patent pylorus

32
Q

What are the more common reasons for GI obstruction in cats?

A

Linear FBs
Trichobenzoars
Megacolon
Focal intestinal neoplasia

33
Q

What is skin fragility associated with?

A

Cholangiohepatitis and hepatic lipidosis

34
Q

How may cholesterol change in IBD?

A

May be low

35
Q

What systems can cause hypocobalaminaemia

A

Intestines, pancreas, hepatobiliary system

36
Q

What is the correct test for pancreatitis in cats?

A

Must be fPLi - amylase and lipase of no use

37
Q

What would a suitable food for acute vomiting be?

A 
Moderately energy dense
Low fibre
Wet
Lowish fat
Given in small bits
All of these as they do not cause slow down of gastric emptying
38
Q

Why may B12 be needed for life with EPI?

A

Some of the intrinsic factors needed are from the pancreas, therefore may never return

39
Q

What further test should you do if you diagnose atypical addisons?

A

Aldosterone stimulation test. An animal may prove to fail the test even when electrolytes are normal

40
Q

What is bilious vomiting syndrome in dogs?

A

Early vomiting of bile in otherwise healthy dogs
Most commonly in young males
Thought to be due to reflux of duodenal fluid into gastric lumen causing gastric mucosa irritation
Possibly associated with abnormal gastric motility

41
Q

What are the signs of septic peritonitis on tap

A

Low glucose
High bacteria
Plant material
Lots of degenerate neutrophils with bacteria

42
Q

What on abdominal radiographs would suggest the need for surgery?

A

Gas in the peritoneum without recent Hx of Sx (rupture)
Plication of intestines
GVD
Ground glass appearance of the abdomen (septic peritonitis)
Evidence of obstructive ileus (FB, volvulus, FB, pyloric stenosis, intussusception)

Small Animal Medicine Module B (13 decks)

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