Emerging Powers Flashcards
Brazil(economy)
+important regionally for South America (produces more than 50% of S. America’s GDP)
+ large reserves of natural resources
+ Has energy and food security. self-sufficient in producing and sourcing its own food and energy resources.
-The economy repeatedly faces boom and bust phases, that severely hamper Brazil’s development
Russia (economy)
+It is the 9th largest economy in the world and has large reserves of oil and gas.
-However It is overly dependent on oil and gas for revenue, which is not sustainable income for the future.
- hit with EU sanctions that have weakened the Ruble and the economy.
-most unequal emerging nation, where the richest 1% control 71% of total wealt
India (economy)
+Between 1997 and 2015, annual growth rates averaged 7% which is much higher than MDCs.
+Widespread use of English has been beneficial as it has attracted many TNCs.
-Infrastructure is poor
-The government has a lot of debt.
-Society is very unequal and more than 20% of people live in poverty.
China (economy)
+ major player in global investment, invested heavily in developing countries especially in Africa.
+ investments in modern infrastructure like high speed rail throughout the country.
-Due to its large population, GDP per capita is only 10% of USA’s.
-Many of its industries copies foreign ideas and so it isn’t very innovative.
-In 2009, only 2% of China’s adult population graduated from university.
-Rising wages in China have led to TNCs moving to cheaper countries like Bangladesh.
- Its ageing population combined with its one Child Policy may cause its economy to collapse entirely
Brazil (politics)
-politically unstable in recent years.
- Corruption is rife throughout the country.
- Since 2015, leadership has drastically changed. The President was impeached in 2015, leading to uncertainty. In 2018, the far-right Bolsonaro elected
Russia (politics)
+It is a permanent member of the UN Security Council.
-Relations with the EU are strained and its annexation of Crimea as well as the recent war with Ukraine exacerbated this
China (political )
-Not involved in global crises or aid towards other countries, limiting China’s international relations.
-China’s government is run by an authoritarian party.
-Has tense relationships with many SE Asian nations.
India (political)
+world’s largest democracy
+member of the G20 and was a founding member of the UN.
-It has poor geopolitical relations with neighbours like China and Pakistan.
Brazil (military)
-Its military is insignificant; only playing a small regional role and no international involvement
Russia (military)
+It has nuclear weapons and a large military
-Russia has intervened in Syria with airstrikes Damaging relations with other countries.
-The majority of fleet ageing and unsuitable for modern times
China (military)
+China’s People Liberation Army has the world’s largest army and has nuclear weapons.
- China’s army (PLA) is dated; despite its large numbers of soldiers the army is very poorly equipped
India (Military)
+It has the 4th largest military in terms of personnel and weaponry
+It has nuclear weapons.
+India has come to month-long standoffs with neighbouring China to maintain its border.
Brazil (Demographic)
+population of 210 million, largest in South America.
+The population is very young.
-Fertility rates have decreased significantly so the population may decline in the future.
Russia (demographic)
+population of 144 million is quite large,
-but largely spread across Russia’s vast lands, leading to isolation and lack of development of many regions. -
population has been declining in recent years as birth rates are very low.
-The population is ageing which is impacting the economy.
China (demographic)
+ population of 1.38 billion allows for a vast labour pool, allowing China’s economy to increase.
-13.7% of the population is over 65 which requiring expensive support through healthcare and social care
- little inwards migration so they are unable to attract talent and skills from abroad that they may lack.
