Emerging Infections

Question 1

Emerging Infection, Re-emerging, Deliberating Emerging, Accidentally Emerging

Answer 1

Has not occurred in human before or affected a small population

A known infectious disease whose incidense is increasing in a population

Bioterrorism

Human derived eg vaccine

Question 2

Infectious Agents most likely to Emerge

Answer 2

An agent in new pop
Easier to develop the ability to infect new host
RNA viruses - high mutation rate
Bacteria - acquire disease via plasmids

Question 3

Zoonosis

Answer 3

Disease from infected animals to humans or vice versa
Directly - coming to contact with infected animal for example saliva
Indirect - formites
Foodborne- bacillus ceruse
Vector borne - Mosquitoe

Question 4

Common Animal Reservoirs/Sources of Zoonotic EID

Answer 4

Bats
Rodents
Birds
Swine and Primates

Question 5

Transmission Cycles involving Vectors

Answer 5

Jungle Settings; Sylvatic transmission cycle: Between nonhuman primates and forest dwelling species like aedes mosquitoes
They are sporadic
Suburban and urban; human mosquitoe human
Occurs with zika, dengue, yellow and chikungunya

Question 6

Factors leading to Increased exposure to infectious disease and increase susceptibility and infectivity

Answer 6

Deforestation
Climate changes
Humans
Destroyed agricultural land

Question 7

Stages involved in pathogen adapting to human host leading to pandemic

Answer 7

Stage 1: Animal to animal
Stage 2: Animal to human
Stage 3: Human to human