Emergency Scene Mangmt Flashcards
What is The emergency scene management consists of
◼ Scene Survey
◼ Primary Survey (ABC)
◼ Secondary Survey
◼ Ongoing Patient Care
what is the STOP principle
It is critical that on the approach to all incidents, the STOP principle be employed:
- S top
- T hink
- O bserve
- P lan
- Assess the scene and take charge of the situation:
◼ Ensure the scene is safe (fire, wire, gas, glass, and smell) and protect yourself. - Identify help:
◼ If needed, call for help. If others are around, have them get help. - Identify what happened
◼ Try to identify what happened and the mechanism of injury such as: circumstances, body parts involved, amount of force involved, etc. - Approach:
◼ Approach the patient, identify yourself, obtain consent and check if the patient is in danger.
When Asking for Medical Assistance: EMS (911) / MedLink
what are the steps
In the event that the help of a physician is needed, the CC in charge of the medical situation will request that a colleague call for medical personnel on board using the PA system
o The CC will also request the FCM to contact MedLink. The CC, assisted by a colleague, will fill out the MedLink checklist and give it to the FCM as soon as possible.
o Bring appropriate equipment (Medical Kit, AED, Oxygen bottle and MedLink checklist).
o The checklist must be filled out in English and in block letters
If you must leave the sick or injured person alone to call for help, place the person in the lateral safety position (unless the person has a neck and/or spinal injury or that their life is in danger)
If you call 911 with your mobile phone, it must be on hands-free mode.
What is the Primary Survey -ABC
*a rapid exam to identify life threatening conditions
*should be done on every patient seen by a first aid provider.
*used to make decisions about critical interventions (ex: support breathing or start CPR, stop serious bleeding
*should take no longer than 2 minutes and be repeated every 5 min or if the pax condition changes.
What is the Primary Survey Sequence – ABC
Check for Responsiveness
A – Airways
B – Breathing
C – Circulation
Check for Responsiveness
Tap the patient’s shoulders and loudly say “Are you OK?”
Infant: Tap on the infant’s foot and shout their name.
► Patient is responsive – Ask patient if they need help
► Patient is not responsive – If not already done, call for help.
A – Airways
Make sure the airway is open.
► If the patient is responsive and able to speak, they are breathing, and their airway are open.
► If the patient is not responsive, proceed with a head-tilt/chin-lift in order to open up the airway:
Put one hand on the forehead and the fingers of your other hand on the bony part of the chin. Tilt the head back and lift the chin.
B – Breathing
Observe the victim’s chest to detect breathing (take at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds)
► Patient is breathing: Patient does not need CPR
► Patient is unresponsive or breathing is abnormal or ineffective (gasping): Start CPR/AED protocol.
Note! Gasping is a short, convulsive catching of breath and may sound like snorting, snoring or labored breathing. When a patient is gasping, they are not breathing and need CPR immediately.
C – Circulation
Check circulation only if patient is breathing.
► Check circulation by looking for signs of bleeding, examine color of lips and skin. If circulation is good, their lips will be pink. For patients with dark complexions, check the inside of their lips. It should look pink if there is good circulation.
► Circulation is good - Continue to monitor their ABC’s, move on to secondary survey.
► Circulation is poor - Treat for shock (refer to shock protocol).
Abundant bleeding should be controlled as quickly as possible.
what is a secondary. survey
secondary exam is to assess injuries or health problems that do not put the person’s life in danger and to provide the appropriate first aid treatment.
This exam is done after the primary survey and once you’ve taken charge of any life-threatening injuries or health problems
what are the 4 steps of the secondary survey
1.Medical history-Allows you to determine existing and possible problems.
2.vital signs-Offers useful information on the current state of the sick or injured person.
3.head to toe evaluation-Allows you to determine possible problems through a practical evaluation of the sick or injured person
4.setting the scene-Consists of preparing the sick or injured person for first aid and the EMS personnel taking charge of the situation.
to obtain necessary medical info you use SAMPLE what does it stand for
S-signs and symptoms
What does the person feel?
Since when?
What can you see, hear and smell? Skin color?
Sweating?
Trembling?
Etc.
Sign: Noticed by the first aider
Symptom: Described or felt by the victim
A-allergies
Does the person suffer from allergies to medication, food, animals or any other type of allergy?
If so, which ones?
M-medication
Does the person take any medications (prescribed, non-prescribed, legal, illegal)? If so, which ones and why?
Were they taken in the last few days? Today?
P-past and present medical
history
Does the person have health problems (e.g.: diabetes, epilepsy, cardiac, respiratory or kidney problems, etc.)?
Has that person had a surgery that may relate to the person’s state?
L-last meal
When was the last time the person ate and what was it? (Important in case of allergies, food intoxication, hypoglycemia, etc.
E-events
What happened before the person got sick or injured?
Were there any unusual circumstances or a triggering event?
what are the 4 basic vital signs in first aid
- Level of consciousness
- Pulse
- Respiration
- Skin condition and temperature
What is the Level of Consciousness (LOC)
an assessment;
Eye response-Ask patient to open their eyes. If no response, pinch skin on forearm to see if they respond to mild pain.
Verbal response-Ask the patient simple questions and listen to the answer. Is the person oriented, confused or does not respond?
Motor response-Does the person respond to commands or pain? Ask patient to move their hand. If no response, squeeze thumbnail to see if they respond to pain.
how to calculate Pulse
To calculate the pulse rate, place the tip of the index and middle finger firmly on your chosen pulsation site:
◼ Count the number of pulsations for 15 seconds
◼Multiply this number by 4 to get your frequency per minute.
Do not use your thumb to take the pulse, as you can feel your own pulse
When taking the pulse, you must verify:
◼ Frequency: rapid/slow
◼ Rhythm: regular/irregular
◼ Strength: weak/strong
Carotid Pulse tequnique
The carotid pulse is found between the trachea and the muscles at the side of the neck.
Try to detect the pulse on the side closest to you
You can still feel it even when it becomes impossible to palpate the peripheral arteries.
Radial Pulse Technique
◼ The location of radial pulse is at the base of the thumb on the wrist.
◼ You take the radial pulse when the person is conscious when evaluating the state of shock. In a state of shock, a radial pulse might not be felt due to poor perfusion in which case you would have to assess it using the carotid technique.
Brachial Pulse Technique
◼Brachial pulse on infant is found between the elbow and shoulder.
how to calcuate respiration rate
◼ Count the number of breaths for 15 seconds
◼ Multiply that number by 4 to obtain the number of breaths per minute.
When verifying a person’s breathing, the first aider must pay attention to:
Rate,Rhythm,Depth,Sound effort
how to take Skin temperature and condition
skin temperature is obtained by placing your wrist or the back of your hand against the person’s forehead to feel if it is hot, cold. cool or normal. You may also assess the skin color: normal, flushed or cyanotic (blue).
head to evaluation, what to check for?
Head
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Neck
Chest
Abdomen
Pelvis
Upper & Lower Limbs
Back
what is setting the scene
After completing the first 3 steps of the secondary survey prepare patient for first aid care. Administer care and prepare infromation to transfer to ems.
what are general guide lines
primary points include prioritizing potentially life-threatening injuries, conducting a thorough secondary survey by asking about symptoms and observing body language, respecting privacy, keeping bystanders away, and ensuring the injured person isn’t left alone. The CC should regularly repeat primary surveys and note any changes in the person’s condition.
what is ongoing patient care
- If needed – show the bystander or passenger how to continue manual support of any injuries.
- Continue to monitor the patient’s ABCs and reassure them until EMS arrives.
- Do not give anything by mouth – you may moisten patient’s lips with a wet cloth, as needed.
- Record patient’s condition, any changes and any first aid that was provided.
- Give report to EMS personnel.
what info do you provide to the EMS taking over
The verbal report must include the following information:
◼ Name and age of the person ◼ Nature and description of the case
◼ Results of the person’s status ◼ Interventions that were done (first aid administered)
◼ Pertinent information collected
◼ Pertinent information concerning the situation.
what form does a sick or injured CC/FCM need to complete
Injury Declaration and Preliminary Report (IDR)
why do you need to complete a
passenger/accident report
Sick pax or accident/incident that may have injured pax
Sick pax or accident/incident that may have injured pax
Instruments from Medical Kit used by medical volunteer
if MedLink was contacted is there a form we need to fill out
MedLink Pilot Initiated Patch Checklist
If a Medical Kit is opened, contents used or not (completed by volunteer physician)
Medical Kit Form
Patient is unconscious and not breathing - use of AED
AED report
where is the AED report form found
Available in the Purser Kit, on the FD iPad (Colligo app) and on Mundo.
where is the passenger accident/injury report form found
Available on the FD iPad
Injury Declaration and Preliminary Report (IDR), where is it
ICARUS app and on Mundo
