Emergency Procedures Study Guide for Bsc Flashcards
A systemic poison causes harm to___:
Systemic organ system and entire body
An elderly man is stabbed several times, there are puncture wounds to left anterior chest wall between 4/5 rib. BP changes are as follows: 120/70 => 110/76 =>102/76
cardiac tamponade
Any substance produced by a living organism that is poisonous to the human body
Toxin
Arterial hemorrhage characteristic:
Spurting 12-15 ft
At the scene with post traumatic cervical syndrome, which should you apply?
Cervical wrap… wrap a towel around the neck and tape it.
Before you conduct a survey or assist the patient, what should you do?
Make sure scene is safe
By definition, a systemic poison causes harm to:
entire body
Capillary hemorrhage characteristic:
Oozing
Cause of death on all death certificates
shock
Chilly fall morning, called to RV campground for patient complaining of headaches, dizziness, nausea. Cyanotic, difficulty breathing
Carbon monoxide poisoning– face and nail beds always look cherry red
Covering for burn
dressing…held down by bandage
Coworker 58yrs old, is experiencing severe chest pain and respiratory distress, he is anxious and has a history of heart problems, what do you do?
all the above:
activate EMS
keep patient calm and quiet
provide emergency oxygen if available
CPR and abdominal area is distended. What does that mean?
Air in abdominal
Cross contamination occurs in what manners.
All of the above???
Define primary survey:
search for life threatening conditions
Define secondary survey:
search for non-threatening injuries/concerns. Although not a primary concern, they need to be found.
Define: Anoxia
No oxygen
Define: Avulsion
something hanging on a thread (notes)
the action of pulling or tearing away
Emergency first responder can be confronted with pathogens from helping victim, where does the exposure of pathogens come from
Patient blood, body fluids, airborne pathogens, ALL OF THE ABOVE
Examples of findings with a Primary Survey include:
▪ airway obstruction, breathing, circulation, shock
▪ head trauma, chest trauma, severe shock, hemorrhage
▪ heart attack
Examples of findings with a Secondary Survey include:
▪ childbirth
▪ moderate shock, moderate hemorrhage, 2nd and 3rd degree burns
• 3rd degree burns are very severe and risk infection, loss of plasma
▪ fractures
Family presents with flu-like symptoms and state that every winter, they are sick. What is the most probable cause/what should they do?
carbon monoxide poisoning/check their furnace
first responder will sustain vital signs by
taking care of ABC
Fracture with bone ends protruding skin
Open Fracture
green tank
100% oxygen
Head trauma… how do you respond
All of the above
Hypoxia
Low oxygen content to tissues (commonly from atlas subluxation)
If person is unconscious, with no suspected spinal cord trauma, how do you open airway
head tilt, chin lift
If spinal trauma exists and patient needs CPR, instead of tilting head back, you should: can’t tilt
keep head neutral, open jaw and jut forward
Immediate treatment for Fracture
splinting
In case of a grand mal seizure, what do you do?
protect from harm, i.e. move furniture
place blanket/sheet over top and hold the sheet down NOT the patient => makes seizure more intense and can cause injury
Insulin bringing glucose in the cell…
Insulin is a hormone that allows glucose to cross the cellular membrane
Insulin’s role
allows glucose to cross cell membrane
Man collapses, not breathing, no pulse, and appears dead, what should you do?
ABC, shock treatment
Matching: Levels of Conscious - GRADE 0:
Normal
Matching: Levels of Conscious - GRADE 1:
Conscious but confused/disoriented
Matching: Levels of Conscious - GRADE 2:
Unconscious but responsive to moderate stimuli:
deep tendox reflexes and pupillary light reflex
Matching: Levels of Conscious - GRADE 3:
Unconscious and unresponsive to moderate stimuli:
Only responds to pain provoking stimuli
Matching: Levels of Conscious - GRADE 4:
Unconscious and unresponsive, comatose
Not responsive to pain stimuli
Most Common airway obstruction for adult
Tongue
Most Common airway obstruction for child
Foreign
Most common dressing:
4x4 (bandage holds dressing on) AKA surgical sponge
Most common early sign in shock….
nausea.
Neurogenic shock.
Caused by subluxation or trauma to the adjacent anatomy to the spine.
No suspected trauma, how would you open the airway
Adult/child- head tilt chin lift & Infant- keep head neutral
No wound but diastolic and systolic are separating. vertigo, head trauma, signs of concussion.
Head trauma.
number one cause of death due to injury
head trauma
Observing universal precautions means:
protect self from victim’s blood and body fluids
Organisms that can cause diseases, when in contact with infected patient’s blood, such as HIV and hepatitis can be identified by:
Blood borne pathogens/blood study
OSHA has strict guidelines to decrease exposure to blood borne pathogens and such….
All of the above
Patient was in a car accident and is now presenting with trauma to neck, best method of immobilization is:
Soft cervical wrap (towel folded and taped in place around neck)
Patients presents with headache, vertigo, nausea, BP, taken 3 times in emergency shows systolic and diastolic separating:
cerebral hemorrhage/bleed & stroke
Pressure gradient 120/70- 50. The systolic and diastolic start to approach each other…
Cardiac tamponade
Prior to completing an initial primary or secondary survey the healthcare provider must….
Survey the scene for safety
Priority: childbirth
secondary priority
Priority: unconsciousness
highest priority
Pulse for an adult/child
Carotid
Pulse for an infant
Brachial
Seizure primary or secondary priority.
Secondary
severe sprain
splint it to keep traumatized area quiet; Air splint best
Spinal trauma, how do you open the airway….
Jaw thrust maneuver.
strict guidelines that OSHA brings forth concerning being exposed to blood pathogens
all the above?
sucking chest wound
Chest wound with minimal bleeding and a bubble around the wound
T/F: Good Samaritan act protects practitioners against gross negligence
FALSE, NOTHING does
T/F: Good Samaritans act doesn’t cover against gross negligence
True
T/F: Mouth-to- Mouth is appropriate fot adults and children.
True
T/F: Mouth-to-Nose is appropriate for infants.
True
T/F: Yellow color for 100% oxygen
FALSE: green is the 100%
The most common fracture?
Ribs
The primary critical areas of injury are:
face: sight, taste, smell
feet: loss of locomotion
hands: loss of function
trauma due to temporary loss of brain’s ability to function. Appears immediately, soon resolves
concussion
treatment for shock is the same for all
color and flow of blood for arteries, veins, etc
Venous hemorrhage
Slow, steady
what are signs of cardiac tamponade?
systolic and diastolic come closer together
What do bandages do?
Bandages hold dressing on top of wound
What does it indicate if a patient changes levels of conscious, i.e. shifting from grade 3 to 4 to 2 and all over?
neurological deficits
brain swelling, drugs, cerebral hemorrhage
What is a concussion
Symptoms from head trauma then they go away
What is the difference between clinical death and biological death?
clinical: appear dead- no pulse, can be revived and biological: brain is dead
What is the Most Common obstruction of airway for an unconscious adult patient:
tongue
What is the Most Common obstruction of airway for an unconscious child patient
foreign object
what should you do if you suspect cardiac tamponade?
must drain blood, if start compressions, heart explodes
What type of shock is caused by damage to the spinal cord, particularly the upper cervical
Neurogenic
When a patient’s seizure is over?
ensure/insist they rest
ask if they are on seizure meds and if they took antacids
where do you check for a pulse in an adult or child?
carotid
where do you check for a pulse in an infant?
brachial
Which is a common sign/symptom of all types of poisons
nausea/vomiting
Which is not part of the primary survey?
Survey for minor trauma.
Which of the causes of seizures is M/C in infants and children
High fever
Which of the following is a symptom of toxic something…
Nausea and vomiting
Why do you ask if the post-seizure patient has taken antacids or any supplements?
Antacids diminish the effects of seizure medications
B12 causes additional seizure activity (multivitamins, injections, etc)
Woman grabs throat and she cannot speak, choking:
Heimlich maneuver… 5 abdominal thrusts; Pregnant or big abdomen… arms around chest and push.
If distended abdominal area, what should you do?
encourage vomiting, stomach is filled with air
open airway further and hope it comes out without puking
If distended abdominal area, What is afected?
effects diaphragm and tidal volume
Most external hemorhage
targeted direct pressure
When the body cant use glucose for energy
Turn to fat
Results in Ketosis’
burning of fat
Top of wound dressing(sm 4x4)(largest 6x8), vs
in place bandage
Name the shock cause by damage or subluxation….& most common shock found in our office:
Neurogenic
Oxygen tank 100% o2
green
Lantis insulin appears
Clear
Emergency O2 inhalation should be initiated for all victims who show signs of
Trauma, Cardiac, resp distress, all of the above
What role does insulin play in the delivery of glucose in the cell
Carries glucose across the cell membrane
If insulin is NOT clear, what needs to happen
It has to be rolled slowly between hands to mix before injection) Lantis insuli is clear
Priority of injuries: highest
Seizure, is highest
Priority of injuries: childbirth
2ndary
Priority of injuries: Heart attack resp chest trauma etc…
serious then primary
Temporary loss of fx of the brain function:
concussion
What artery is used for pulse in adults & children?
carotid
What artery is used for pulse in Infants
brachial
Clinical vs biological death
Clinical No resp, No BP no pulse vs
biological brain death
Treat for shock, to avoid
trauma to organs
Pt says adjust yay bed sleep out of adjustment
Bath towell around neck, taped cervical wrap… muscle memory will hold
cause of seizures for child
fever
Adult or child cant speak cough breath, complete airway obstruction
abdominal thrust
Infant cant breathe or cry?
5 back blows & 5 chest compressions
Mommy is bleeding, maybe MC or Uterus may be bleeding out.
Mom on her left side, pillow between legs slows down hemmorhage by relieving pressure on organs.
ABC stands for
Airway, breathing, circulation
