Emergency Procedures

Question 1

Power Failure - General

Answer 1

A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure and will usually be indicted by the low RPM horn. An engine failure may be indicated buy a change in noise level, nose left ya, an oil pressure light, or decreasing engine RPM. A drive system failure may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing.
In case of power failure, immediately lower collective to enter autorotation and reduce airspeed to power off VNE or below.
Caution
Aft cyclic is required when collective is lowered at high speed.
Caution
Do not apply aft cyclic during touchdown or ground slide to prevent possible blade strike to tail cone.

Question 2

What is the definition of Land Immediately?

Answer 2

Land at the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during approach, if required.

Question 3

What is the definition of Land as soon as practical?

Answer 3

Landing site is at pilot’s discretion based on nature of problem and available landing areas. Flight beyond nearest airport is not recommended.

Question 4

Power failure above 500 feet AGL

Answer 4

1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
2. Establish a steady glide at approximately 70 KIAS.
3. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 108% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
4. Select landing spot and, if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into wind.
5. A restart may be attempted at pilot’s discretion if sufficient time is available.
6. If unable to restart, turn unnecessary switches and fuel valve off.
7. At about 40 feet AGL, begin cyclic false to reduce rate of decent and forward airspeed.
8. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude with nose straight ahead.

Question 5

Power failure between 8 feet and 500 feet AGL

Answer 5

1. Lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
2. Adjust collective to keep RPM between 97 and 108% or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining about 97%.
3. Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of decent and forward airspeed.
4. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touch down in level attitude and nose straight ahead.

Question 6

Power failure below 8 feet AGL

Answer 6

1. Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing.
2. Allow rotorcraft to settle.
3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.

Question 7

Maximum Glide Distance Configuration

Answer 7

1. Airspeed approximately 90 KIAS.
2. Rotor RPM approximately 90%.
3. Best glide ration is about 4.7:1 or one nautical mile per 1300 feet AGL.

Question 8

Minimum Rate of Descent Configuration

Answer 8

1. Airspeed approximately 55 KIAS.
2. Rotor RPM approximately 90%.
3. Minimum rate of descent is about 1350 feet per minute.
   Caution
   Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum when autorotating below 500 feet AGL.

Question 9

Air Restart Procedure

Answer 9

Caution
Do not attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established.

1. Mixture - Full Rich
2. Throttle - Closed, then cracked slightly.
3. Actuate starter with left hand.

Question 10

Emergency Water Landing - Power Off

Answer 10

1. Follow same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water. If time permits, unlatch doors prior to water contact.
2. Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop rotors.
3. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.

Question 11

Emergency Water Landing - Power On

Answer 11

1. Descend to hover above water.
2. Unlatch doors.
3. Passengers exit aircraft.
4. Fly to safe distance from passengers to avoid possible injury by rotors.
5. Switch battery and alternator OFF.
6. Roll throttle off into overtravel spring.
7. Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water.
8. Apply lateral cyclic to stop rotors.
9. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when rotors stop.

Question 12

Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust During Forward Flight

Answer 12

1. Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal.
2. Immediately enter autorotation.
3. Maintain at least 70 KIAS if practical.
4. Select landing site, roll throttle off into detent spring, and perform autorotation landing.
   Note
   When suitable landing site is not available, the vertical fin may permit limited controlled flight at low power settings and airspeeds above 70 KIAS; however prior to reducing airspeed, reenter full autorotation.

Question 13

Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust During Hover

Answer 13

1. Failure is usually indicated by right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal.
2. Immediately roll throttle off into detent spring and allow aircraft to settle.
3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.

Question 14

Engine Fire During Start On Ground

Answer 14

1. Cranking - Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel through carburetor into engine.
2. If engine starts, run 60-70% RPM for a short time, shutdown, and inspect for damage.
3. If engine fails to start, shut off fuel and master battery switch.
4. Extinguish fire with fire extinguisher, wool blanket or dirt.
5. Inspect for damage.

Question 15

Fire In Flight

Answer 15

1. Enter autorotation.
2. Master battery switch - Off (if time permits).
3. Cabin heat - Off (if time permits).
4. Cabin vent - On (if time permits).
5. If engine is running, perform normal landing and immediately shut off fuel valve.
6. If engine stops running, shut off fuel valve and execute autorotation landing.

Question 16

Electrical Fire In Flight

Answer 16

1. Master battery switch - Off.
2. Alt Switch - Off.
3. Land Immediately.
4. Extinguish fire and inspect for damage.
   Caution
   Low RPM warning system and governor are inoperative with master battery and alternator switches both off.

Question 17

Tachometer Failure

Answer 17

If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tacos malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.
Note
Each tach, the governor, and the low RPM warning horn are on separate circuits. A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tach with the battery and alternator switches both OFF.

Question 18

Cyclic Trim Failure

Answer 18

If the automatic cyclic trim fails to compensate for the cyclic feed-back force, land as soon as practical. If the trim generates undesirable forces, switch trim off and land as soon as practical.

Question 19

Hydraulic System Failure

Answer 19

Hydraulic system failure is indicated by heavy or stiff cyclic and collective controls. Loss of hydraulic fluid may cause intermittent and/or vibrating feedback in the controls. Control will be normal except for the increase in stick forces.

1. HYD switch - verify ON.
2. If hydraulics not restored, HYD Switch - OFF.
3. Adjust airspeed and flight condition as desired for comfortable control.
4. Land as soon as practical.

Question 20

Governor Failure

Answer 20

If engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control.

Question 21

OIL Light

Answer 21

Indicates loss of engine power or oil pressure. Check engine tach for power loss. Check oil pressure gage and, if pressure loss is confirmed, land immediately. Continued operation without oil pressure will cause serious engine damage and engine failure may occur.

Question 22

ENG FIRE Light

Answer 22

Indicates possible fire in the engine compartment.

Question 23

MR TEMP Light

Answer 23

Indicates excessive temperature of main rotor gearbox.

Question 24

TR CHIP Light

Answer 24

Indicates metallic particles in tail rotor gearbox.

Question 25

MR CHIP Light

Answer 25

Indicates metallic particles in main rotor gearbox.

Question 26

LOW FUEL Light

Answer 26

Indicates approximately three gallons of useable fuel remaining. The engine will run out of fuel after ten minutes at cruise power.
Caution
Do not use low fuel warning light as a working indication of fuel quantity.

Question 27

Clutch Light

Answer 27

Indicates clutch actuator circuit is on, either engaging or disengaging clutch. When switch is in the ENGAGE position, light stays on until belts are properly tensioned. Never take off before light goes out.
Note
Clutch light may come on momentarily during run-up or during flight to retention belts as they warm-up and stretch slightly. This is normal. If, however, the light flickers or comes on in flight and does not go out within 10 seconds, pull CLUTCH circuit breaker and land as soon as practical. Reduce power and land immediately if there are no other indications of drive system failure (be prepare to enter autorotation). Inspect drive system for a possible malfunction.

Question 28

ALT Light

Answer 28

Indicates low voltage and possible alternator failure. Turn off nonessential electrical equipment and switch ALT off and back on after one second to reset over voltage relay. If light stays on, land as soon as practical. Continued flight without functioning alternator can result in loss of electronic tachometer, producing a hazardous flight condition.

Question 29

BRAKE Light

Answer 29

Indicates rotor brake is engaged. Release immediately in flight or before starting engine.

Question 30

STARTER-ON Light

Answer 30

Indicates starter motor is engaged. If light does not go out when ignition switch is realized from start position, immediately pull mixture off and turn battery switch off. Have starter motor serviced.

Question 31

GOV-OFF Light

Answer 31

Indicates engine RPM throttle governor is off.

Question 32

CARBON MONOXIDE Light

Answer 32

Indicates elevated levels of carbon monoxide (CO) in Cabin. Shut off heater and open nose and door vents. If hovering, ;and or transition to forward flight. If symptoms of CO poisoning (headache, drowsiness, dizziness) accompany light, land immediately.

Question 33

FULL THROTTLE Light (if installed)

Answer 33

Indicates engine near full throttle. The governor will be ineffective because it cannot increase throttle to maintain RPM. Lower collective as required to extinguish light.

Question 34

Low RPM Horn & Caution Light

Answer 34

A horn and an illuminated caution light indicate that rotor RPM may be below safe limits. To restore RPM, immediately roll throttle on, lower collective and, in forward flight, apply aft cyclic. The horn and caution light are disabled when collective is full down.

Question 35

Multiple Lights

Answer 35

Note
If light is accompanied by any indication of a problem such as noise, vibration, or temperature rise, land immediately. If there is no other indication of a problem, land as soon as practical.
Break-in fuzz will occasionally activate chip lights. If no metal chips or slivers are found on detect plug, clean and reinstall (tail gearbox must be refilled with new oil). Hover for at least 30 minutes. IF chip light comes on again, replace gearbox before further flight.

Question 36

Lights are to bright at night. What can you do?

Answer 36

Note
If a light causes excessive glare at night, bulb may be unscrewed or circuit breaker pulled to eliminate glare during landing.