Emergency Medicine Flashcards
Side effects amitriptyline
Amitriptyline(antidepressant): causs drowsiness, hypothermia, hypotension, tachycardia, dry mouth,
ECG shows arrhythmias, particularly changes in the QRS width, dilated pupils
Opioid overdose
Clincher: constructed pupils, low RR, low HR
Antidote: Naloxone
Treatment withdrawal symptoms: methadone
Antidote alcohol overdose
Intravenous thiamine
Side effect IV lorazepam
Apnea
Antidote paracetamol overdose
N-acetylcysteine
N/B: plasma paracetamol level should be checked at least 4hours after ingestion
Check relationship with weight
Paradoxical chest movements
Flail chest
Intestinal symptoms of giardiasis
Diarrhea, gas, fouls smelling greasy poop that floats
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Itchy, jaundiced woman with hypercholesterolaemia, derranged liver function and ant-mitochondrial M2 antibody (AMA-M2) = Primary biliary cirrhosis. Staging is with a liver biopsy and treatment is with ursodeoxycholic acid Autoimmune hepatitis is a diagnosis of exclusion - usually associated with other autoimmune conditions and negative anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Autoimmune conditions: granulomatosis with polyangitis
ANCA = SLE
D
Sinusitis, haematuria, purpura on lower limbs and ANCA + are all part of Wegener’s. Oral ulcers can be seen in both Wegener’s and Behcet’s
Symptoms of Hetoin use
Sweating, shivering, joint pain
Relationship between acetaminophen overdose and weight
Sepsis 6
Take 3: blood culture and 2 others (FBC, ESR, lactate
Give 3: antibiotics, IV fluid, oxygen)
Adrenaline dosage for allergic reactions
For adrenaline administration just checked
<6months-6years- 0.15mls
6years - 12 years - 0.3mls
>12 years- 0.5mls
Route of administration: IM for anaphylaxis
When to refer patients to burn center
Every hospital has different criterias to refer patients to specialised burn services.
Most of them would include the following criterias:
• More than 3% of total body surface area partial thickness burn
• Burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, or major joints
• All deep dermal and full thickness burns
• All burns associated with electrical shock or chemical burns
• All burns associated with non-accidental injury
• All burns with inhalation injury
Human’s sign
A positive Homans’s sign (calf pain at dorsiflexion of the foot) used to diagnose DVT of the leg
