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Emergency medications Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drug is Aspirin?

A

NSAID

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2
Q

Aspirin mechanism of action

A

NSAID, that decreases inflammation and decreases platelet aggregation

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3
Q

Indications for Aspirin

A

ACS/Chest pain

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4
Q

Contraindications for Aspirin

A

Hypersensitivity/allergies, no ability to chew

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5
Q

Adverse reactions of aspirin

A

GI symptoms

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6
Q

Aspirin Dosage

A

324 mg, oral (3-4 pills 81 mg tablets)

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7
Q

What class of drug is epinephrine?

A

Sympathetic agonist

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8
Q

Mechanism of action for epinephrine

A

Directly affects the alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2 receptors. Vasoconstriction, increased HR/BP, increased contractility, bronchodilation

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9
Q

Indications for epinephrine (both 1;1,000 and 1;10,000)

A

1:1000 (Asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis)
1: 10,000 cardiac arrest (IV/IO only)

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10
Q

Contraindications for epinphrine

A

hypersensitivity/allergy, tachycardia, or hypertensive

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11
Q

Adverse reactions of epinephrine

A

Nausea/Vomitting, palpitations, headaches, nervousness

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12
Q

Dosages for Epinephrine (1000, 10,000)

A

1:1000-0.3 mg IM (AAC) or 5 mg nebulizer (stridor)
1:10,000-1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes (cardiac arrest)

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13
Q

Pediatric dosage for Epinephrine

A

0.01 mg/kg

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14
Q

Epinephrine special considerations

A

Use caution with elderly patients or with history of heart disease. Make sure you monitor them with the cardiac monitor

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15
Q

Class for norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic agonist

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16
Q

Mechanism of action for NorEPI

A

Acts on both the alpha and beta receptors as an agonist. Vasoconstrictor, increased blood pressure

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17
Q

Indications for NorEPI

A

Shock (to maintain blood pressure/tissue perfusion), severe hypotension, and post resuscitation.

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18
Q

Contraindications for NorEPI

A

Hypersensitivity/allergy, tachycardia

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19
Q

Adverse reactions for norepi

A

palpations, anxiety, tachycardia, and tremors

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20
Q

Dosage for NorEPI

A

8-12 mcg/min IV. Maintenance infusion of 2-20 mcg/min to obtain adequate perfusion, usual dose 2-4 mcg/min. Maximum 30 mcg/min

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21
Q

Special considerations for norepi

A

one of the strongest vasopresssors available. monitor blood pressure closely

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22
Q

Class of drug for Amiodarone

A

Anti-Dysrhythmic drug

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23
Q

Mechanism of action for Amiodarone

A

Prolongs the action potential and refractory period, slows electrical conduction rate. Sodium, calcium, potassium channel blocker.

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24
Q

Indications for Amiodarone

A

V-tach, V-fib, wide complex rapid tachycardia

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25
Q

Contraindications for Amiodarone

A

Hypersensitivity/allergies, bradycardia

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26
Q

Adverse reactions to Amiodarone

A

Dizziness. Drowsiness

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27
Q

Dose for Amiodarone

A

V-fib/v-tach 300 mg may repeat at 150 mg
Stable wide complex tachycardia 150 mg

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28
Q

Amiodarone is which drug…

A

Amiodarone is a cardiac drug. Brings the heartrate down by slowing electrical conduction.

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29
Q

Atropine is what class of drug?

A

Anti-cholinergic agent

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30
Q

Atropine mechanism of action

A

Potent parasympatholytic drug that inhibits actions of acetylcholine. Indirectly increases HR and AV conduction, decreases GI secretions and dilates pupils.

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31
Q

Indications for Atropine

A

Organophosphate poisoning. Symptomatic bradycardia

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32
Q

Adverse reactions of Atropine

A

Tachycardia, flush, hot skin

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33
Q

Dosage for Atropine

A

Bradycardia: 0.5-1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes as needed
Organosphosphate poisoning: 2 mg, then 4 mg, then 8 mg; can be given every 5 minutes. Titrate to effect

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34
Q

What class of drug is Adenosine?

A

Antidysrhythmic Drug

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35
Q

Mechanism of action for Adenosine

A

Derived from the breakdown of ATP, Adenosine slows AV conduction, decreases HR, acts as a “Chemical cardioversion”

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36
Q

Indications for Adenosine

A

SVT and rapid tachycardias

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37
Q

Contraindications for Adenosine

A

Bradycardia, hypersensitivity/allergies

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38
Q

Adverse reactions of Adenosine

A

Palpitations, near-syncope, dizziness, lightheadedness, chest pain, flushing, anxiety

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39
Q

Dosage for Adenosine

A

Adult: 6 mg RAPID IV/IO push; can be followed up by 12 mg

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40
Q

Pediatric dose for Adenosine

A

0.1 mg/kg

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41
Q

Metoprolol class of drug

A

Beta Blocker

42
Q

Mechanism of action for Metoprolol

A

Beta adrenergic blocking agent; selective to the beta 1 receptor, blocking it’s effects causing; decrease in HR, myocardial contractility, cardiac output and conduction velocity

43
Q

Indications for Metoprolol

A

Rapid A-fib, rapid atrial flutter, can be used as a second line agent after Adenosine for SVT

44
Q

Contraindications for Metoprolol

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, hypersensitivity/allergies

45
Q

Adverse reactions of Metoprolol

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope

46
Q

Dosage for Metoprolol

A

5 mg IV/IO can be given every 5 minutes. Up to 15 mg (3x) to desired effect

47
Q

Albuterol class of drug

A

Beta 2 Agonist

48
Q

Mechanism of action for Albuterol

A

Acts on beta 2 receptor as an agonist causing prompt bronchodilation of the lungs

49
Q

Indications for Albuterol

A

Asthma, anaphylaxis, COPD, hyperkalemia

50
Q

Contraindications for Albuterol

A

Hypersensitivity/allergies, CHF

51
Q

Adverse reactions of Albuterol

A

Palpitations, tachycardia, headache

52
Q

Dosage for Albuterol

A

2.5 mg unit dose. May repeat. Nebulizer treatment

53
Q

Special considerations with Albuterol

A

caution in heart disease and CHF patients; perform cardiac monitoring before and after administering

54
Q

Ipratropium class of drug

A

Anti-cholinergic

55
Q

Mechanism of action for Ipratropium

A

Parasympatholytic which inhibits acetylcholine receptor sites. Dries respiratory secretions

56
Q

Indications for Ipratropium

A

Asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis

57
Q

Adverse reactions to Ipratropium

58
Q

Dosages for Ipratropium

A

0.5 unit dose with nebulizer

59
Q

Special considerations with Ipratropium

A

Auscultate lung sounds before and after administration

60
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran) drug class

A

Anti-emetic

61
Q

Mechanism of action for Ondansetron

A

Blocks serotonin receptors; anti-emetic drug

62
Q

Indications for Zofran

A

Nausea/vomiting

63
Q

Contraindications for Zofran

A

Hypersensitivity/allergies

64
Q

Adverse reactions to Zofran

A

Headache, dizziness, drowsiness

65
Q

Dosage for Zofran

A

4-8 mg IV/IO/PO/IM

66
Q

Special considerations for Zofran

A

Caution in pregnant patients, ask if they have already taken drug

67
Q

Naloxone class of drug

A

Opioid Antagonist

68
Q

Mechanism of action for Naloxone

A

Reverse the effects of the opiate and the opiate receptor

69
Q

Indications for Narcan

A

Opiate overdose with respiratory depression

70
Q

Contraindications for Narcan

A

none in EMS

71
Q

Adverse reactions for Narcan

A

Confusion, agitation, Tachycardia

72
Q

Dose for narcan

A

Adults; 2-4 mg IN/IM
0.4-2mg IV/IO
Pediatric dose:0.1 mg/kg (MAX dose of 2 mg)

73
Q

Special considerations with Narcan

A

Make sure you hyperoxygenate the patient prior to administration of Narcan. Can help with agitation/combativeness

74
Q

Ibuprofen class of drug

75
Q

mechanism of action with Ibuprofen

A

NSAID medication that acts peripherally as an analgesic. Has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyric effects

76
Q

Indications for Ibuprofen

A

Mild to moderate pain

77
Q

Contraindications of Ibuprofen

A

Hypersensitivity/allergies, active GI bleed, and asthma

78
Q

Adverse reactions to Ibuprofen

A

GI irritation, renal impairment, heartburn, dizziness, drowsiness

79
Q

Dosage for Ibuprofen

A

Adults; 200-800 mg
pediatric:5-10 mg/kg

80
Q

Class of drug for Acetaminophen

A

Pain reliever/ Anti-pyretic

81
Q

Mechanism of action for Tylenol

A

COX-2 inhibitor, anti-pyretic, non-opiate analgesic

82
Q

Indications for tylenol

A

Mild to moderate pain/fever

83
Q

Contraindications to tylenol

A

hypersensitivity/allergies, liver failure

84
Q

Adverse reactions to Tylenol

A

Nausea, abdominal pain

85
Q

Dosage for Acetaminophen

A

325-1000 mg PO q 4-6 hr prn] Max: 1 g/4h and 4 g/day from all sources

86
Q

Fentanyl class of drug

A

Opiate Agonist

87
Q

Mechanism of action for Fentanyl

A

Synthetic opiate that produces
analgesia and euphoria. CNS
Depressant.

88
Q

Indications for Fentanyl

A

Pain control, ACS, RSI

89
Q

Contraindications for Fentanyl

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, hypersensitivity/allergy

90
Q

Adverse reactions for Fentanyl

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, near-syncope, respiratory depression, dizziness, drowsiness

91
Q

Dosage for Fentanyl

A

1 mcg/kg; 50-100 mcg/dose IV/IO/IM/IN

92
Q

Special considerations for Fentanyl

A

Cardiac monitoring and ETCO2 monitoring. Remember that this drug is listed as micrograms not milligrams.

93
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) class of drug

A

Opioid agonist (analgesic drug)

94
Q

Mechanism of action for Hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

CNS depressant, produces analgesia and sedative properties

95
Q

Indications for hydromorphone

A

Severe pain

96
Q

Contraindications for Hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

Hypersensitivity/allergy, bradycardia, resp depression, hypotension

97
Q

Adverse reactions to hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

Bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension

98
Q

Dosage for hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

0.2-0.6 mg IV/IO

99
Q

Special considerations for Hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

Have narcan available, cardiac monitoring and ETCO2 monitoring

Medication Administration (3 decks)

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