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Emergency medications Flashcards

1
Q

What class of drug is Aspirin?

A

NSAID

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2
Q

Aspirin mechanism of action

A

NSAID, that decreases inflammation and decreases platelet aggregation

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3
Q

Indications for Aspirin

A

ACS/Chest pain

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4
Q

Contraindications for Aspirin

A

Hypersensitivity/allergies, no ability to chew

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5
Q

Adverse reactions of aspirin

A

GI symptoms

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6
Q

Aspirin Dosage

A

324 mg, oral (3-4 pills 81 mg tablets)

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7
Q

What class of drug is epinephrine?

A

Sympathetic agonist

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8
Q

Mechanism of action for epinephrine

A

Directly affects the alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2 receptors. Vasoconstriction, increased HR/BP, increased contractility, bronchodilation

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9
Q

Indications for epinephrine (both 1;1,000 and 1;10,000)

A

1:1000 (Asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis)
1: 10,000 cardiac arrest (IV/IO only)

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10
Q

Contraindications for epinphrine

A

hypersensitivity/allergy, tachycardia, or hypertensive

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11
Q

Adverse reactions of epinephrine

A

Nausea/Vomitting, palpitations, headaches, nervousness

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12
Q

Dosages for Epinephrine (1000, 10,000)

A

1:1000-0.3 mg IM (AAC) or 5 mg nebulizer (stridor)
1:10,000-1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes (cardiac arrest)

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13
Q

Pediatric dosage for Epinephrine

A

0.01 mg/kg

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14
Q

Epinephrine special considerations

A

Use caution with elderly patients or with history of heart disease. Make sure you monitor them with the cardiac monitor

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15
Q

Class for norepinephrine

A

Sympathetic agonist

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16
Q

Mechanism of action for NorEPI

A

Acts on both the alpha and beta receptors as an agonist. Vasoconstrictor, increased blood pressure

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17
Q

Indications for NorEPI

A

Shock (to maintain blood pressure/tissue perfusion), severe hypotension, and post resuscitation.

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18
Q

Contraindications for NorEPI

A

Hypersensitivity/allergy, tachycardia

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19
Q

Adverse reactions for norepi

A

palpations, anxiety, tachycardia, and tremors

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20
Q

Dosage for NorEPI

A

8-12 mcg/min IV. Maintenance infusion of 2-20 mcg/min to obtain adequate perfusion, usual dose 2-4 mcg/min. Maximum 30 mcg/min

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21
Q

Special considerations for norepi

A

one of the strongest vasopresssors available. monitor blood pressure closely

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22
Q

Class of drug for Amiodarone

A

Anti-Dysrhythmic drug

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23
Q

Mechanism of action for Amiodarone

A

Prolongs the action potential and refractory period, slows electrical conduction rate. Sodium, calcium, potassium channel blocker.

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24
Q

Indications for Amiodarone

A

V-tach, V-fib, wide complex rapid tachycardia

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25
Contraindications for Amiodarone
Hypersensitivity/allergies, bradycardia
26
Adverse reactions to Amiodarone
Dizziness. Drowsiness
27
Dose for Amiodarone
V-fib/v-tach 300 mg may repeat at 150 mg Stable wide complex tachycardia 150 mg
28
Amiodarone is which drug...
Amiodarone is a cardiac drug. Brings the heartrate down by slowing electrical conduction.
29
Atropine is what class of drug?
Anti-cholinergic agent
30
Atropine mechanism of action
Potent parasympatholytic drug that inhibits actions of acetylcholine. Indirectly increases HR and AV conduction, decreases GI secretions and dilates pupils.
31
Indications for Atropine
Organophosphate poisoning. Symptomatic bradycardia
32
Adverse reactions of Atropine
Tachycardia, flush, hot skin
33
Dosage for Atropine
Bradycardia: 0.5-1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 minutes as needed Organosphosphate poisoning: 2 mg, then 4 mg, then 8 mg; can be given every 5 minutes. Titrate to effect
34
What class of drug is Adenosine?
Antidysrhythmic Drug
35
Mechanism of action for Adenosine
Derived from the breakdown of ATP, Adenosine slows AV conduction, decreases HR, acts as a "Chemical cardioversion"
36
Indications for Adenosine
SVT and rapid tachycardias
37
Contraindications for Adenosine
Bradycardia, hypersensitivity/allergies
38
Adverse reactions of Adenosine
Palpitations, near-syncope, dizziness, lightheadedness, chest pain, flushing, anxiety
39
Dosage for Adenosine
Adult: 6 mg RAPID IV/IO push; can be followed up by 12 mg
40
Pediatric dose for Adenosine
0.1 mg/kg
41
Metoprolol class of drug
Beta Blocker
42
Mechanism of action for Metoprolol
Beta adrenergic blocking agent; selective to the beta 1 receptor, blocking it's effects causing; decrease in HR, myocardial contractility, cardiac output and conduction velocity
43
Indications for Metoprolol
Rapid A-fib, rapid atrial flutter, can be used as a second line agent after Adenosine for SVT
44
Contraindications for Metoprolol
Bradycardia, hypotension, hypersensitivity/allergies
45
Adverse reactions of Metoprolol
Bradycardia, hypotension, palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope
46
Dosage for Metoprolol
5 mg IV/IO can be given every 5 minutes. Up to 15 mg (3x) to desired effect
47
Albuterol class of drug
Beta 2 Agonist
48
Mechanism of action for Albuterol
Acts on beta 2 receptor as an agonist causing prompt bronchodilation of the lungs
49
Indications for Albuterol
Asthma, anaphylaxis, COPD, hyperkalemia
50
Contraindications for Albuterol
Hypersensitivity/allergies, CHF
51
Adverse reactions of Albuterol
Palpitations, tachycardia, headache
52
Dosage for Albuterol
2.5 mg unit dose. May repeat. Nebulizer treatment
53
Special considerations with Albuterol
caution in heart disease and CHF patients; perform cardiac monitoring before and after administering
54
Ipratropium class of drug
Anti-cholinergic
55
Mechanism of action for Ipratropium
Parasympatholytic which inhibits acetylcholine receptor sites. Dries respiratory secretions
56
Indications for Ipratropium
Asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis
57
Adverse reactions to Ipratropium
Dry mouth
58
Dosages for Ipratropium
0.5 unit dose with nebulizer
59
Special considerations with Ipratropium
Auscultate lung sounds before and after administration
60
Ondansetron (Zofran) drug class
Anti-emetic
61
Mechanism of action for Ondansetron
Blocks serotonin receptors; anti-emetic drug
62
Indications for Zofran
Nausea/vomiting
63
Contraindications for Zofran
Hypersensitivity/allergies
64
Adverse reactions to Zofran
Headache, dizziness, drowsiness
65
Dosage for Zofran
4-8 mg IV/IO/PO/IM
66
Special considerations for Zofran
Caution in pregnant patients, ask if they have already taken drug
67
Naloxone class of drug
Opioid Antagonist
68
Mechanism of action for Naloxone
Reverse the effects of the opiate and the opiate receptor
69
Indications for Narcan
Opiate overdose with respiratory depression
70
Contraindications for Narcan
none in EMS
71
Adverse reactions for Narcan
Confusion, agitation, Tachycardia
72
Dose for narcan
Adults; 2-4 mg IN/IM 0.4-2mg IV/IO Pediatric dose:0.1 mg/kg (MAX dose of 2 mg)
73
Special considerations with Narcan
Make sure you hyperoxygenate the patient prior to administration of Narcan. Can help with agitation/combativeness
74
Ibuprofen class of drug
NSAID
75
mechanism of action with Ibuprofen
NSAID medication that acts peripherally as an analgesic. Has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyric effects
76
Indications for Ibuprofen
Mild to moderate pain
77
Contraindications of Ibuprofen
Hypersensitivity/allergies, active GI bleed, and asthma
78
Adverse reactions to Ibuprofen
GI irritation, renal impairment, heartburn, dizziness, drowsiness
79
Dosage for Ibuprofen
Adults; 200-800 mg pediatric:5-10 mg/kg
80
Class of drug for Acetaminophen
Pain reliever/ Anti-pyretic
81
Mechanism of action for Tylenol
COX-2 inhibitor, anti-pyretic, non-opiate analgesic
82
Indications for tylenol
Mild to moderate pain/fever
83
Contraindications to tylenol
hypersensitivity/allergies, liver failure
84
Adverse reactions to Tylenol
Nausea, abdominal pain
85
Dosage for Acetaminophen
325-1000 mg PO q 4-6 hr prn] Max: 1 g/4h and 4 g/day from all sources
86
Fentanyl class of drug
Opiate Agonist
87
Mechanism of action for Fentanyl
Synthetic opiate that produces analgesia and euphoria. CNS Depressant.
88
Indications for Fentanyl
Pain control, ACS, RSI
89
Contraindications for Fentanyl
Bradycardia, hypotension, hypersensitivity/allergy
90
Adverse reactions for Fentanyl
Bradycardia, hypotension, near-syncope, respiratory depression, dizziness, drowsiness
91
Dosage for Fentanyl
1 mcg/kg; 50-100 mcg/dose IV/IO/IM/IN
92
Special considerations for Fentanyl
Cardiac monitoring and ETCO2 monitoring. Remember that this drug is listed as micrograms not milligrams.
93
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) class of drug
Opioid agonist (analgesic drug)
94
Mechanism of action for Hydromorphone (dilaudid)
CNS depressant, produces analgesia and sedative properties
95
Indications for hydromorphone
Severe pain
96
Contraindications for Hydromorphone (dilaudid)
Hypersensitivity/allergy, bradycardia, resp depression, hypotension
97
Adverse reactions to hydromorphone (dilaudid)
Bradycardia, respiratory depression, hypotension
98
Dosage for hydromorphone (dilaudid)
0.2-0.6 mg IV/IO
99
Special considerations for Hydromorphone (dilaudid)
Have narcan available, cardiac monitoring and ETCO2 monitoring
100

Medication Administration (3 decks)

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