Emergency First Response

Question 1

What are the nine indications of shock?

Answer 1

• rapid, weak pulse
• pale or bluish tissue colour
• moist, clammy skin - possibly with shivering
• mental confusion, anxiety, restlessness or irritability
• altered consciousness
• nausea and perhaps vomiting
• thirst
• lackluster eyes, dazed look
• shallow, but rapid, laboured breathing

Question 2

Why is time critical when someone needs emergency care?

Answer 2

• The chances of successful resuscitation diminish with time.
• When a person has no heartbeat and is not breathing, irreversible brain damage can occur within minutes.

Question 3

Why should you assist someone who needs emergency care?

Answer 3

1. You can save or restore a patient’s life.
2. You can help reduce a patient’s recovery time.
3. You can make the difference between a patient having a temporary or lifelong disability.

Question 4

What are six reasons people hesitate to provide emergency care to a patient - even if they are trained in CPR and first aid?

Answer 4

1. Anxiety
2. Guilt
3. Fear of imperfect performance
4. Fear of making a person worse
5. Fear of infection
6. Responsibility concerns

Question 5

What is a Good Samaritan law?

Answer 5

Good Samaritan laws are enacted to encourage people to come to the aid of others, and protect individuals who voluntarily offer assistance against liability.

Question 6

In general, what are the six ways you should act to be protected by most Good Samaritan laws?

Answer 6

1. Only provide care that is within the scope of your training.
2. Ask for permission to help.
3. Act in good faith.
4. Do not be reckless of negligent.
5. Act as a prudent person would.
6. Do not abandon the patient once you begin care, except if to protect yourself from imminent danger.

Question 7

What are the Chain of Survival’s four links?

Answer 7

1. Early Recognition and Call for Help
2. Early CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
3. Early Defibrillation
4. Early Professional Care and Follow-Up

Question 8

How do you ask for permission to help a patient?

Answer 8

Hello? My name is _______. I’m an Emergeny First Responder. May I help you?

Question 9

What three bloodborne pathogens are of greatest concern to Emergency Responders?

Answer 9

1. Hepatitis C virus
2. Hepatitis B virus
3. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 10

How can you recognise a patient having a heart attack?

Answer 10

• Complaining of chest pain (uncomfortable pressure or squeezing, sometimes similar to indigestion)
• Pain may spread to shoulders, neck or arms
• May also complain of nausea, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness
• May sweat or faint

Question 11

How can you recognise a patient with cardiac arrest?

Answer 11

• Patient is unresponsive
• Patient does not appear to have any signs of circulation
• Patient is not breathing normally

Question 12

What are the common signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 12

• sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body or both sides
• sudden confusion or drowsiness
• trouble speaking, uderstanding or swallowing
• sudden vision trouble from one or both eyes
• sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
• sudden severe headache with no known cause

Question 13

How o you recognise a patient with an obstructed airway?

Answer 13

The patient may clutch the neck or throat area.