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Emergency Department Flashcards

1
Q

WBC count high

A

infection

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2
Q

Hgb(Hemoglobin) low

A

anemia

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3
Q

Hgb high

A

dehydration

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4
Q

Hct(Hematocrit) low

A

anemia

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5
Q

Plt(Platelets) low

A

prone to bleeding

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6
Q

Band cells high

A

serious infection

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7
Q

Segmented neutrophils(Segs) high

A

acute infection

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8
Q

Lymphs high

A

viral infection

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9
Q

Monos low

A

bacterial infection

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10
Q

Eos (eosinophils) low

A

parasitic infection

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11
Q

Sodium high (hypernatremia) or low (hyponatremia)

A

dehydration

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12
Q

Potassium high (hyperkalemia)

A

poor kidney function

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13
Q

Potassium low (hypokalemia)

A

may cause arrhythmia

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14
Q

BUN(blood urea nitrogen) high

A

renal insufficiency or failure

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15
Q

Creatinine high

A

renal insufficiency or failure

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16
Q

Glucose high (hyperglycemia)

A

high blood sugar

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17
Q

Glucose low (hypoglycemia)

A

low blood sugar

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18
Q

Bicarbonate high (hypercarbia)

A

possible respiratory disease

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19
Q

Bicarbonate low

A

hyperventilation; possible DKA

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20
Q

Chloride high (hyperchloremia)

A

possible dehydration

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21
Q

Liver Function Tests (LFT’s) include

A

T Prot/Alb, T bili, AST, ALT, Alk Phos

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22
Q

T Prot/Alb low

A

poor nutrition

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23
Q

T bili high

A

jaundice/liver failure

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24
Q

AST, ALT, or Alk Phos high

A

liver damage

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25
Q

Troponin high

A

specific to heart damage

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26
Q

CK(creatine kinase) high

A

heart damage or rhabdomyolysis

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27
Q

CK-MB (creatine kinase-muscle breakdown) high

A

heart damage

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28
Q

CK-RI (creatine-kinase relative index) high

A

heart damage

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29
Q

Myoglobin high

A

heart damage

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30
Q

D-dimer high

A

must rule out PE by running a CTA or VQ exam

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31
Q

BNP(B-type Natriuretic Peptide) high

A

congestive heart failure

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32
Q

ABG (arterial blood gas) low pH

A

acidosis

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33
Q

ABG high/low HCO3

A

metabolic problem

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34
Q

ABG high/low pCO2

A

respiratory problems

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35
Q

ABG low pO2

A

hypoxia

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36
Q

VBG (venous blood gas) low pH

A

acidosis

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37
Q

VBG high pH

A

alkalosis

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38
Q

Sputum Cx positive

A

respiratory infection

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39
Q

Cardiac Order

A

CBC, BMP, CK CK-MB CK-RI, Troponin, EKG, CXR

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40
Q

CSF Gluc low

A

possible bacterial meningitis

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41
Q

CSF Prot high

A

possible meningitis

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42
Q

CSF RBC >0 in Tube 4

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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43
Q

CSF WBC >3 in Tube 4

A

possible meningitis

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44
Q

CSF gram stain positive bacteria

A

likely bacterial meningitis

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45
Q

PT(prothrombin time) high

A

blood is too thin

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46
Q

INR(international normalized ratio) >3

A

too much coumadin

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47
Q

INR <2

A

not enough coumadin

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48
Q

Normal INR when not on coumadin

A

1.0

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49
Q

PTT(partial thromboplastin time) high

A

blood is too thin

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50
Q

Rapid Strep test postive

A

Strep throat

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51
Q

Mononucleosis test positive

A

mononucleosis

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52
Q

influenza A and B positive

A

the flu

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53
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus positive

A

likely bronchiolitis

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54
Q

Lipase or Amylase high

A

pancreatitis

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55
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) high

A

possible hypothyroidism

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56
Q

TSH low

A

possible hyperthyroidism

57
Q

T3 or T4 low

A

hypothyroidism

58
Q

CRP(C-reactive protein) high

A

active inflammation in the body

59
Q

ESR(erythrocyte sedimentation rate) high

A

active inflammation in the body

60
Q

HCG positive

61
Q

Serum HCG quantitative higher

A

further along in the pregnancy

62
Q

Serum HCG quantitative lower

A

possible failure of pregnancy

63
Q

ABORh Rh negative

A

needs RhoGAM shot if pregnant

64
Q

T+S (type and screen) positive growth

A

possible blood transfusion

65
Q

Wet Prep many clue cells

A

bacterial vaginosis

66
Q

Wet Prep many trichomonas

67
Q

Wet Prep many yeast

A

Vaginal yeast infection

68
Q

GC (gonococcus) positive

69
Q

CT (chlamydia trachomatis) positive

70
Q

Genital Cx positive growth

A

pending results;ED will call pt if Cx is positive

71
Q

Leukocyte Esterase positive (Urine dip)

A

possible UTI

72
Q

Nitrite positive (Urine dip)

73
Q

Glucose positive (Urine dip)

A

high blood sugar DM

74
Q

Blood positive (Urine dip)

A

kidney stone vs. UTI

75
Q

WBC in urine >6

76
Q

RBC in urine >6

A

UTI vs Kidney stone

77
Q

Bacteria in urine

78
Q

Complete Blood Count high WBC or high Bands

A

possible sepsis

79
Q

Lactic acid high

A

sepsis or cell death in the body

80
Q

Blood Cx positive growth

A

definitive sepsis

81
Q

Since cultures will never result the same day they are ordered…

A

Results pending

82
Q

ASA(serum acetasalicylic acid) high

A

toxic ASA level

83
Q

Tylenol high

A

toxic Tylenol level

84
Q

EtOH high

A

alcohol intoxication

85
Q

UTox (urine drug screen) positive

A

drug abuse

86
Q

Ketones large

A

likely DKA

87
Q

Low Dilantin, Tegretol, Keppra, Depakote, Neurontin

A

subtherapeutic; at risk for sz

88
Q

Digoxin low

A

subtherapeutic; at risk for A-fib

89
Q

CXR potential findings

A

PNA, PTX widened mediastinum, pleural effusion, CHF

90
Q

AAS/KUB potential findings

A

free air, SBO, constipation, large kidney stones

91
Q

all other x-rays potential findings

A

fracture, dislocation, joint effusion

92
Q

CT w/o in head potential findings

A

large hemorrhagic or ischemic CVA

93
Q

CT w/o in C-spine potential findings

A

cervical spine fracture or subluxation

94
Q

CT w/o in chest potential findings

A

PNA, PTX, pleural effusion, rib fracture

95
Q

CT w/o in Abd/Pel potential findings

A

kidney stones, pyelonephritis

96
Q

CTA Chest potential findings

A

PE, aortic dissection

97
Q

CTA Head potential findings

A

Hemorrhagic CVA, Ischemic CVA

98
Q

CTA Neck potential findings

A

carotid dissection, carotid occlusion

99
Q

CT A/P w/ PO potential findings

A

appendicitis, SBO, Diverticulitis, Ischemic Gut

100
Q

US Doppler LE potential findings

101
Q

US RUQ potential findings

A

cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, bile sludge, gallbladder wall thickening, bile duct obstruction

102
Q

US OB/Transvag potential findings

A

IUP, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion

103
Q

US Scrotum potential findings

A

testicular torsion or mass

104
Q

Spint Application

A

Preparation: none

indication: joint injury
results: distal CSM intact (ex)

105
Q

Joint Reduction

A

Preparation: pain control of anesthesia

indication: dislocation of___
results: good alignment, distal CSM intact

106
Q

Arthrocentesis

A

Preparation: sterile field
Indication: joint effusion
Results: fluid obtained, sent to lab

107
Q

Laceration repair

A

Preparation: wound cleansed and explored. local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine
Indication: laceration length in cm
Results: good closure and hemostasis

108
Q

Incision and Drainage

A

Preparation: local anesthesia with 1% lidocaine
Indication: Abscess (simple or complex)
Results: improved, less fluctuant

109
Q

Lumbar Puncture

A

Preparation: sterile field, betadine prep. local anesthesia 1% lidocaine
Indication: rule out meningitis or Sub-Arachnoid Hemorrhage
Results: Pt tolerated procedure well, there was no complications

110
Q

Endotracheal Intubation

A

Preparation: suction at bedside. consent precluded by clinical urgency
Indication: respiratory failure, airway control
Confirmation: positive CO2 color change, equal breath sounds, rising SaO2, CXR shows good position above carnia

111
Q

Central Line Placement

A

Preparation: sterile field, chlorhexidine prep. local anesthesia 1% lidocaine
indication: need for intravenous access for Abx or fluid resuscitation
Confirmation: good patency and drawback through all three lumens

112
Q

3 major sites for Central Line Placement

A

Internal jugular, subclavian, femoral

113
Q

3 Labs to monitor closely for efficiency

A

Creatinine, D-dimer, Troponin

114
Q

Conscious Sedation

A

Preparation: suction at bedside, pt on cardiac monitor and continuous pulse oximetry, RT at bedside
Indication: obtain sedation to allow for joint reduction
Post-Procedure: The procedure lasted 6 minutes, vital signs remained stable. Pt tolerated procedure well, there were no complications. Pt returned to baseline

115
Q

Chest Tube Placement

A

Preparation: Sterile field, betadine prep, consent precluded by clinical urgency
Indication: PTX or hemothorax
Confirmation: CXR shows PTX to be improved. Tube in good position. Vital signs stable

116
Q

Bedside Ultrasound

A

Preparation: US to bedside, pt positioned
Indication: Trauma, suspected acute disease, or US-guided procedure
Confirmation: image documentation recorded

117
Q

Critical Care Dx

A

Respiratory failure, sepsis, pneumothorax, MI, severe dehydration, ect

118
Q

Critical Care procedures

A

central line, intubation, CPR, CPAP/BiPAP, cardiversion, chest tube

119
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm

120
Q

SB

A

sinus bradycardia

121
Q

ST

A

sinus tachycardia

122
Q

A flutter

A

atrial flutter

123
Q

PAV

A

premature atrial contraction

124
Q

PVC

A

premature ventricular contraction

125
Q

LBBB

A

left bundle branch block

126
Q

RBBB

A

right bundle branch block

127
Q

1 AVB

A

first degree AV block

128
Q

LAD

A

left axis deviation

129
Q

LVH

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

130
Q

RAE

A

right atrial enlargement

131
Q

LAE

A

left atrial enlargement

132
Q

PRWP

A

poor R wave progression

133
Q

SVT

A

supraventricular tachycardia

134
Q

T-invr.

A

T wave inversion

135
Q

T-flat

A

T wave flattening

136
Q

NS ST/T

A

non-specific ST changes

137
Q

Re-evaluations

A 
Define
Reasons for a re-eval
	before admission or discharge
	recheck abnl vital signs
Recheck abd, neuro, lungs
Symptoms improved after treatment
138
Q

Cardioversion

A

Preparation: conscious sedation, attached to cardiac monitor and pulse oximetry
Indication: atrial fibrillation or abnormal rhythm
Confirmation: repeated EKG ordered, patient remains in NSR, vital signs stable

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