emergency contraception Flashcards
What are the 3 ways to prevent pregnancy?
1) prevent sperm
2) prevent ovum
3) prevent implantation
How does emergency hormonal contraception work?
by inhibiting/postponing ovulation
What is the non-hormonal option for emergency contraception?
copper IUD (intrauterine device)
What are the hormonal options of emergency contraception?
1) ulipristal acetate
2) levonorgestrel
How does the copper IUD work?
1) kills sperm
2) prevents implantation
How long after intercourse can a copper IUD be inserted?
up to 5 days
What is the efficacy of copper IUDs?
over 99%
How long after ovulation can the egg remain in the fallopian tube?
12 to 24 hours
How long can sperm cells survive in a woman’s reproductive tract?
up to 5 days
What percentage of women ovulate on day 14?
12%
What percentage of women ovulate between days 12 and 16?
49%
levonorgestrel
synthetic progestogen hormone (antagonist of the progesterone receptor)
How does levonorgestrel work?
inhibition/delaying of ovulation
ulipristal acetate
orally-active synthetic selective progesterone receptor modulator which acts via high-affinity binding to the human progesterone receptor
How does ulipristal acetate work?
inhibition/delay via suppression of the LH surge
What is the trigger for ovulation?
a rise in LH
Can ellaOne and levonorgestrel delay ovulation before or after the LH surge?
before, but ellaOne can delay ovulation during the LH surge
Which is more effective, Ulipristal Acetate or Levonorgestral?
Ulipristal Acetate
When should emergency contraception be taken with the combined hormonal transdermal patch?
if there is removal in week one and unprotected sexual intercourse has taken place
When should emergency contraception be taken with the combined hormonal contraceptive pill?
if more than two pills are missed in week one, or if the pill-free interval has been extended to more than seven days and unprotected sexual intercourse has taken place
When should emergency contraception be used with the progestogen-only pill?
if it has been more than 27 hours since the last pill was taken and unprotected sexual intercourse has taken place
When should emergency contraception be taken with the progestogen injection?
if there has been more than 14 weeks since the last injection and unprotected sexual intercourse took place within the first 7 days following the injection
When should emergency contraception be taken with liver enzyme-inducing medicines?
if UPSI has taken place in the 28 days after (double dose of Levonorgestrel/copper IUD recommended)
When should emergency contraception be taken with the desogestrel-only pill?
if it has been 36 hours since the last pill was taken and UPSI has taken place
