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FFP Acute abdominal pain and jaundice > Emergency causes of abdominal pain in females > Flashcards

Emergency causes of abdominal pain in females Flashcards

1
Q

Abdo pain causes in early pregnancy

A

Miscarriages

Ectopic pregnancy

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2
Q

Abdo pain causes in late pregnancy

A

Labour
Infection (chorioamnionitis)
Placental abruption
Uterine rupture

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3
Q

Abdo pain causes anytime in pregnancy

A

Degeneration of a uterine fibroid

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4
Q

Non pregnancy relates problems in females causing abdominal pain

A

Menstrual cycle
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ovarian and Fallopian tube cyst accidents (rupture, bleeding, torsion)
Ovarian, hyper-stimulation syndrome
Endometriosis
Complications of uterine fibroids (torsion, pedunculated, prolapse)

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5
Q

Initial assessment in examinations

A 
General
Abdomen
Pelvic exam (speculum before digital)
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6
Q

Investigations to undertake in initial assessment

A
  • vaginal swabs for infection
  • Urine tests (urinalysis and MSU for Microscopic culture)
  • Blood tests (FBC, WCC, beta HCG, CRP, blood group)
  • Ultrasound (abdo and pelvis)
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7
Q

Symptoms and signs of a miscarriage

A

Amenorrhea
Positive pregnancy test
Vaginal bleeding preceding abdo pain
Cervix may be dilated with products pf the pregnancy in the vagina

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8
Q

Management of a miscarriage

A

Pain relief
Expectant
MEdical (misoprostol)
Surgical (suction evacuation of the uterus)

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9
Q

Symptoms and signs of ectopic pregnancy

A

Amenorrhea and positive pregnancy test
Abdo pain (often unilateral)
Vaginal bleeding after pain
Shoulder tip pain (red flag)

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10
Q

Management of ectopic pain

A

Pain relief
Expectant
Medical (methotrexate)
Surgical (laparoscopy)

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11
Q

Signs of an infection in late pregnancy (chorioamnionitis)

A

General uterine pain and tenderness
Raised temp
TAchycardia
Yellow vaginal discharge

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12
Q

Management of chorioamnionitis

A

pain relief
Antibiotics
Deliver baby

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13
Q

Clinical feature of placental abruption

A

Constant uterine pain and tenderness
Vaginal bleeding
Woody hard uterus

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14
Q

Management of placental abruption

A

Resuscitate, pain relief, deliver baby

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15
Q

Clinical feature of uterine rupture

A

Constant uterine pain and tenderness

Contractions cease

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16
Q

Management of uterine rupture

A

Resuscitate
Pain relied
Abdo surgery
Deliver baby

17
Q

Symptoms of degeneration of a uterine fibroid

A

History of uterine fibroids
Pregnancy
Uterus larger than expected gestational age
Tender firm area on uterus

18
Q

Treatment of uterine fibroid

A

Pain relief

19
Q

Symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease

A 
Abdo pain
VAginal discharge
Raised temp
Raised pulse rate
Recent causative incident (e.g. unprotected sex or uterine instrumentation)
20
Q

Management of PID

A

Pain relief
Antibiotics
Surgery to drain any pelvic abscesses

21
Q

Can ovarian and Fallopian tube cyst accidents happen in pregnancy

A

YEs

22
Q

What is ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrom

A

Where women going through fertility treatment get hormones and their body produces too many eggs/cysts

23
Q

Management of ovarian and Fallopian tube cysts accidents (rupture, torsion)

A

Pain relief
Expectant management or surgery to remove cyst
Exclude cancer (USS and tumour markers)

24
Q

Symptoms of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome

A

Abdo pain and distension, N&V

Recent history of fertility treatment

25
Q

Management of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrom

A 
Pain relief
Anti-emetics 
Close monitoring
Fluid balance
Thrombosis prevention
26
Q

Signs of endometriosis

A

Abdo pain
Heavy and painful menstrual bleeding
Painful sex

27
Q

Management of endometriosis

A

Pain relied

Hormones (combined pill, progesterone IuCD, surgery)

28
Q

Signs of uterine fibroids

A

Inilateral or central colicky pain

29
Q

Management of uterine fibroids

A

Pain relief

Surgical removal

FFP Acute abdominal pain and jaundice (7 decks)

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