EMERGENCY CARE 14TH EDITION CHAPTER 7 PRINCIPLES OF (CHAPTER TEST)

Question 1

An infection of the brain is​ called:

Answer 1

encephalitis.

Question 2

Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the​ following?

Answer 2

Large proteins

Question 3

You and your EMT partner respond to a local shipping warehouse for a worker who was hit by a falling crate. Upon​ arrival, you find the man lying on the concrete floor of the​ facility, alert and oriented but unable to move or even feel his legs below the waist. Based on the mechanism of injury and the​ symptoms, which of the​ patient’s body systems would you suspect has been​ impaired?

Answer 3

Nervous system

Question 4

Shock occurs as a result of which of the​ following?

Answer 4

Inadequate perfusion

Question 4

Daniel has been performing landscaping on a​ hot, humid summer day when he suddenly becomes dizzy and feels like he might faint. This disruption of fluid balance is most likely caused​ by:

Answer 4

dehydration.

Question 5

A​ 19-year-old male is reported to have taken too many narcotic pain pills that were prescribed for his recent knee surgery. He is extremely sleepy with very shallow breathing. His color is pale and his SpO Subscript 2 reading is 84 percent. His body is probably attempting to compensate for his poor level of ventilatory effort by stimulating the respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume.​ Normally, respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels​ of:

Answer 5

carbon dioxide.

Question 6

Not all inspired air reaches the​ alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli. This is​ called:

Answer 6

dead air space.

Question 7

An infection of the protective covering for the brain and spinal cord is​ called:

Answer 7

meningitis.

Question 8

Certain blood vessels that contain specialized sensors that detect the level of internal pressure and transmit messages to the nervous​ system, which then triggers the smooth muscle in the vessel walls to make any needed size adjustments. These sensors are​ called:

Answer 8

stretch receptors.

Question 9

The cellular structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins is​ the:

Answer 9

endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 9

Our blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells and returns with what byproduct of​ metabolism?

Answer 9

Carbon dioxide

Question 10

You are called to a kindergarten class where a boy has fallen while climbing on playground equipment. The teacher saw him fall and hit his stomach on a step. He is sobbing and holding his abdomen. As you assess​ him, you find his skin cool and moist to the​ touch, his pulse is​ 132, and his respiratory rate is 28. Why is the boy acting this​ way?

Answer 10

He possibly has internal injuries and is in shock.

Question 11

In the normal drive to​ breathe, chemoreceptors are stimulated​ by:

Answer 11

high carbon dioxide.

Question 12

Stroke volume depends on a series of​ factors: one is the force the myocardial muscle exerts to move the blood. This is known​ as:

Answer 12

contractility.

Question 13

What is the best description of the​ chest’s mechanical​ functions?

Answer 13

The chest is a closed space with only one opening; the trachea, to inspire air; the diaphragm contracts down and the intercostal muscles expand the ribs, causing a negative pressure that fills the lungs with air.

Question 14

A patient breathing in room air should be receiving​ ________ percent oxygen.

Answer 14

21

Question 15

Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is​ called:

Answer 15

interstitial.

Question 16

What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system​ measure?

Answer 16

Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide

Question 17

Production of energy occurs in what part of the​ cell?

Answer 17

Mitochondria

Question 18

The basic nutrient of the cell and the building block for energy​ is:

Answer 18

glucose

Question 19

The potential space between the lung and chest wall is called​ the:

Answer 19

pleural space.

Question 20

When carbon dioxide is not​ exchanged, the net result is high carbon​ dioxide, a condition called​ ________, within the body.

Answer 20

hypercapnia

Question 21

What​ substances, when​ dissolved, separate into charged​ particles?

Answer 21

Electrolytes

Question 22

In normal​ exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to contract the​ chest, which creates a positive pressure. This is what type of​ process?

Answer 22

Passive

Question 23

Your patient is an​ 86-year-old male with congestive heart failure. He called for help tonight because he cannot breathe and feels like he is​ “drowning in his own​ lungs.” The patient has had several heart attacks in the past and he tells you his​ “heart is​ shot.” What is not a likely reason the​ patient’s cardiac output is​ diminished?

Answer 23

Chemoreceptors are signaling that he has high levels of carbon dioxide in his bloodstream

Question 24

Which of the following statements provides reasons for the disruption of respiratory​ control?

Answer 24

Stroke, infection, brain​ trauma, toxins and​ drugs, and neurologic disorders can interrupt this control.

Question 25

The pressure that is created within the blood vessels when the heart beats is​ called:

Answer 25

hydrostatic pressure.

Question 26

Graves’ disease is an example of a condition caused​ by:

Answer 26

too many hormones

Question 27

The respiratory system moves air in and​ out; however, to​ ________ cells, the air that is inhaled must meet up with the circulatory system.

Answer 27

perfuse

Question 28

If a hole is created in the chest​ wall, air could escape or be drawn​ in, or if bleeding develops within the​ chest, air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space. This would force the lung​ to:

Answer 28

Collapse

Question 29

A​ 59-year-old male has suffered a severe laceration from a circular saw while cutting wood in his garage. Upon your​ arrival, you find the patient sitting on the floor in a pool of blood. He is extremely pale. Based on your knowledge of​ pathophysiology, you would expect his body to try to compensate for the blood loss in all of the following​ ways, except​:

Answer 29

constricted pupils.

Question 30

Injuries to the brain and spinal​ cord, sepsis, and systemic allergic reactions can cause what similar cardiovascular​ problem?

Answer 30

Loss of tone

Question 31

The movement of ions across the cell membrane is needed to accomplish repolarization. What cell structure is used to prepare for​ depolarization?

Answer 31

Sodium potassium pump

Question 32

Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea are common​ ________ disorders.

Answer 32

digestive

Question 33

What is the type of metabolism that occurs when energy is created with a balance of adequate oxygen and​ nutrients?

Answer 33

Aerobic

Question 34

Which of the following is not an indicator that a​ patient’s nervous system has been​ impaired?

Answer 34

Pale, sweaty skin

Question 35

In Type 1​ diabetes, which gland does not secret enough of the hormone​ insulin?

Answer 35

Pancreas

Question 36

Carbon dioxide is transported back to the lungs​ via:

Answer 36

plasma.

Question 37

When the​ body’s water moves from the bloodstream into the interstitial​ space, this can often be seen​ as:

Answer 37

Edema

Question 38

Damage to the electrical system of the heart can cause it to beat too​ fast, a condition​ called:

Answer 38

tachycardia

Question 39

The process by which glucose and other nutrients are converted into energy is​ called:

Answer 39

metabolism.

Question 40

What is FiO Subscript 2​?

Answer 40

The concentration of oxygen in our inhaled​ air, which is referred to as the fraction of inspired oxygen

Question 40

The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is​ called:

Answer 40

tidal volume.

Question 41

You are on the scene at a local park where a​ 51-year-old male is reported to be confused and having difficulty walking. Your partner notes that the patient is wearing a bracelet indicating he is diabetic. Upon​ questioning, the patient is able to report that he has not eaten in 8 hours. Your knowledge of pathophysiology suggests that the patient may be suffering from a diabetic emergency. Glucose is a building block for what form of energy in the​ cell?

Answer 41

ATP

Question 42

The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset​ diffusion, which is defined​ as:

Answer 42

the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.

Question 43

What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the​ lungs?

Answer 43

Nose, pharynx, hypo pharynx, epiglottis, trachea, crania mainstem bronchi, alveoli

Question 44

The human body is made up of​ ________ percent water.

Answer 44

60

Question 45

Digestive disorders can seriously impact nutrient transfer​ and:

Answer 45

hydration levels.

Question 46

The net result of respiratory challenges is low​ oxygen, also called​ ________, within the body.

Answer 46

hypoxia

Question 47

The metabolism that creates large amounts of carbon dioxide and lactic acid but generates little energy is​ called:

Answer 47

anaerobic.

Question 48

You are caring for a​ 25-year-old male patient who has been shot once in the head. The patient is in extremis​ (near the point of​ death) with a noticeable breathing pattern that alternates between no breathing and fast breathing. Your understanding of pathophysiology leads you to believe the breathing pattern may be due to damage to the section of his brain responsible for respiratory​ control, also known as​ the:

Answer 48

medulla oblongata.

Question 49

Which of the following best defines adenosine triphosphate​ (ATP)?

Answer 49

It is the form of energy produced in the mitochondria and is the cell’s internally created fuel responsible for powering all cell function

Question 50

What element does the cell need in order to not dehydrate and​ die?

Answer 50

Water

Question 51

Janie is having difficulty breathing. Her current tidal volume is 350​ mL, and she is breathing at 28 times per minute. What would be her minute​ volume?

Answer 51

​9,800 mL

Question 52

The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to​ occur?

Answer 52

Breathing becomes faster and​ deeper, blood vessels​ constrict, heart beats stronger and​ faster, skin​ sweats, pupils​ dilate, and skin becomes pale.

Question 53

When a person has an exaggerated response to a body​ invader, the person is said to​ have:

Answer 53

hypersensitivity.

Question 54

The seat of respiratory control is found in​ the:

Answer 54

medulla oblongata.

Question 55

A decreased number of red blood cells is a condition​ called:

Answer 55

anemia.

Question 56

A​ 12-year-old female patient is having an asthma attack after participating in some strenuous activity during recess at school.​ She’s taken several doses of her own bronchodilator with little relief. Your partner immediately administers oxygen. Providing supplemental oxygen will increase the amount of oxygen molecules carried by the​ ________ in her​ blood, helping oxygenate critical organs like the brain.

Answer 56

Hemoglobin

Question 57

Your patient is a​ 22-year-old female who accidentally ate some shellfish and is now having a severe reaction. She tells you that the last time she ate​ shellfish, “They had to put a breathing tube in my throat and I almost​ died.” Her face is starting to swell up and you can hear audible wheezing when she breathes. The chemical that produces edema and narrowing of the airways during hypersensitivity reactions like this is​ called:

Answer 57

histamine.

Question 58

What is a patent​ airway?

Answer 58

A term used by EMS practitioners to indicate that the patient has a secured and opened airway necessary for life

Question 59

The most vulnerable part of the cell is​ the:

Answer 59

membrane.

Question 60

________ blood returns to the right side of the heart.

Answer 60

Deoxygenated

Question 61

You respond to a patient who is choking on a foreign object. This would indicate that the problem is most likely in the​ ________ airway.

Answer 61

upper

Question 62

The balance between oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure is critical to​ regulating:

Answer 62

blood pressure and cell hydration.