Emergency and Malfunction Procedures Flashcards
Engine failure complete power loss in cruise 500’ AGL or above
- Adjust collective to maintain Nr 410-523 RPM
- Apply pedal input to control yaw
- Adjust cyclic for air speeds of 131 knots and lower
- Confirm Engine out with other instruments
- Altitude permitting close throttle and fuel shut of valve
- Select landing area and maneuver as required
- If Operating at reduced Nr RPM for glide distance lower collective prior to flare to restore Nr RPM
- Flare to reduce airspeed and rate of descend and increase Nr RPM. Level off before landing
- Touch down at level attitude and cushion landing
- Avoid rapid aft cyclic or collective inputs on landing and sliding
Engine Failure above 12’ and below 500’ AGL
- Reduce collective pitch to maintain Nr RPM. Amount and duration is dictated by airspeed and height above ground at which airspeed occurs.
- Flare if needed as ground is approached
- Touch down level attitude and cushion landing
- Avoid abrupt aft cyclic or collective inputs on touch down or sliding
Engine failure 12’ and below
- Do not lower collective
- Apply right pedal to prevent yawing
- Increase collective pitch to cushion landing
Partial power loss. Erratic with intermittent surges of power and smooth power on lower settings
- Turn start pump on. Do not disregard need to land if AC runs smoothly
- If possible fly to nearest landing area and land as soon as possible. Be prepared for complete engine failure
Air Restart
Low altitude
-Do not attempt if malfunction is suspected.
-Close twist grip to fuel cut off position
-Press start button immediately
-If N1 is 18% or higher open twist grip to idle
-N1 25-40% is preferred for coolest and fastest start
-Maintain auto rotational air speeds
High Altitude Time Permitting
-Perform normal engine start.
-Recommended airspeed 60 knots
-Advance twistgrip to full open at 60-65% N1
-Collective pitch as required once N2/Nr 103%
Low Rotor Speed
Red Engine out light on and audible low rotor Horn on.
- Lower collective and maintain Nr RPM
- Check other indicators to confirm engine problems and respond accordingly
Emergency Landing Procedures
Water Landing
Power Off
-Adjust collective to maintain Nr RPM
-If time permits open doors and push door handle full down to prevent relatching
-Make auto rotative flare and minimize fwd speed
-Level aircraft and apply collective to cushion landing on water
-When aircraft begins to roll lower collective full down to minimize blades skipping off water
-Release safety harness and evacuate AC as soon as blades stop turning
-Do not inflate personal flotation gear before exiting AC
Power On
-Descend to hovering altitude over water
-Open doors and push door latch full down to prevent from closing
-Passengers and co pilot exit AC
-Fly safe distance from passengers to avoid injury
-Close twist grip to cutoff position and perform hovering Auto
-Allow AC to settle in in level attitude while applying collective to cushion landing
-When AC begins to roll lower collective full down to minimize blades skipping off water
-Release safety harness and exit AC after blades stop turning
Fire-Cabin Smoke and Fume Elimination
- Mayday call before electrical and Gen Shut off
- Ventilate cabin to allow safe control of AC
- Cabin Heat off
- Fresh air vent Open
- Pilot/cabin door vents open and facing aft
- Proper briefing before flight will ensure How to release safety harness, opening doors and exiting to avoid main rotor blades
Engine Fire on the ground
Overloading of fuel in combustion chamber.Normally indicated by rapid increase in TOT -Twistgrip to cutoff -Starter motor till TOT 150 DC -Fuel shut off valve pull to close Engine compartment Fire -Twistgrip cutoff -Fuel shut off valve pull to close -Battery/EXT PWR switch off -Passengers and crew evacuate -If time permits clear passengers from area, apply rotor break, Fire extinguisher
Engine fire during flight
-Land immediately power on approach and landing without delay
-Twistgrip cutoff
-Fuel shut of valve pull to close
-Battery/EXT PWR switch off
-Passengers and crew evacuate
At altitude
-Collective down to establish auto rotation to selected landing area
-Twistgrip cutoff
-Fuel shut of valve pull to close
-Radio Mayday call
-Execute auto rotational landing maintain control
-Battery/EXT PWR switch off
-Passengers and crew evacuate
Cabin Fire/Smoke On Ground
- Twistgrip cutoff
- Battery/EXT PWR switch off
- Passengers and crew evacuate
- Rotor brake apply
- Secure area and have passengers evacuate area
- Fire extinguisher use as appropriate
Cabin Fire/Smoke In Flight
- Land immediately power on approach and landing
- Air vents open ventilate cabin
- Twistgrip cutoff
- Battery/EXT PWR switch off
- Passengers crew evacuate
Engine Fuel Control Systems Malfunctions.
Fuel control or Power Turbine Governor Failure
Overspeed
- Failure indicated by instrument needle fluctuation of:N1/N2/Nr/TOT/Torque
- N1/N2/Nr/TOT/Torque increase and possible right yaw
- Increase collective to load main rotor and rolloing twistgrip towards idle untill N2 speed is obtained
- Manually control N2 speed (102-103%) with collective twistgrip
- If operating RPM cannot be established close twistgrip to cutoff and auto rotate to landing
- Immediate pilot action is required because engine torque,TOT,N2,Nr may suddenly increase above limits.
- When shutting down engine do not reduce collective pitch until Rotor RPM has decreased to within nornmal operating range
Engine Fuel Control Systems Malfunctions.
Fuel control or Power Turbine Governor Failure
Underspeed
- N2/Nr decaying
- Possible left yaw
- Possible low rotor RPM Warning
- Lower collective and maintain Nr RPM and level flight at 60 knots
- If power is insufficient make auto rotative landing
Engine Fuel Control Systems Malfunctions.
Fuel control or Power Turbine Governor Failure
Power Turbine Governor Surge
-N2 fluctuating governor not maintaining pre set speed 102-103%
-Turning start pump on may allow engine to run smoothly/Do not disregard need to land as soon as possible
-Beep N2 to Max
-Control N2 manually with twistgrip 102-103%
-
Engine chip detector(Yellow ENGINE CHIPS indicator on)
- Metal contamination of oil
- Land as soon as possible
Low Engine oil pressure
-Oil Pressure decreasing below normal operating range In Flight -Land as soon as possible -Shut engine down On Ground -Shut engine down
Engine Torque loss
In Flight -May be as result of broken torque meter tubing -Land as soon as possible -Shut engine down On Ground -Shut engine down
Red XMSN OIL PRESS Light
- Transmission oil pressure low
- Land as soon as possible
Red XMSN OIL TEMP Light
- Transmission oil temp exceeds max limit
- Land as soon as possible
Yellow M/R XMSN CHIPS Light
- Metal contamination of oil
- Land as soon as possible
Yellow T/R XMSN CHIPS Light
- Metal contamination of oil
- Land as soon as possible
Anti torque failure Complete loss of thrust in Fwd Flight
- Uncontrollable yawing to the right
- Reduce power by lowering collective
- Adjust airspeed 50 to 60 knots
- Use left lateral cyclic in combination with collective pitch to limit left sideslip to a reasonable angle
- If conditions permit roll twistgrip to ground idle once landing area is selected and perform autorotation. Plan to touch down with little or no fwd airspeed
Anti torque failure Complete loss of thrust in the Hover
- Uncommanded right turn
- Place throttle at adle position and perform hover auorotation landing.
- Reduce Altitude to below 12’ prior to throttle to idle
Anti torque failure Complete loss of thrust in Fixed tail rotor pitch setting
- Adjust power to maintain 50-60 knots
- Perform shallow approach and run on landing to suitable area.
- Touch down at translational lift and 30 knots into wind
- Adjust yaw with throttle twistgrip inputs
One Way Lock Failure
- One way lock assembly is a self contained hydraulic unit that prevents aft feedback forces in the longitudinal cyclic control
- Indication: Aft feedback in the cyclic at high airspeed and or during pull ups from high airspeeds or higher than normal forces required to move cyclic longitudinally
- 10 to 20 pounds force required to to open hydraulic relief valve and up to 40 pounds of force required in turbulence
- Reduce airspeed to 100 knots or less
- Limit cyclic input minimal movements only required movements.
Cyclic Trim Failure
Inoperative Trim
- The Trim motor is not responding to cyclic trim commands in one or more directions
- Establish safe flight condition that produces least cyclic control force. Normally straight and level at last trim airspeed
- Actuate trim through all positions. Determine extent of trim failure. If restored trim to neutral and land as soon as practical
- If trim failure is in all directions and control of helicopter can be maintained Check/Reset TRIM Circuit breaker
- Land as soon as practical if unable to restore full cyclic control
Cyclic Trim Failure
Runaway Trim
- Uncommanded movement of trim laterally or longitudinally
- 30 pounds of force required to move cyclic but control can be maintained by pilot
- Establish safe flight with least cyclic force produced
- Fwd stick runaway can be reduced by increased airspeed and Aft stick runaway by slower airspeeds
- Utilize Left hand and legs to apply pressure on cyclic and conserve energy of right hand for landing. Use collective friction
- Actuate trim switch through all positions as this will generally restore trimming. When restored trim to near neutral position and land as soon as practical
- If Full fwd cyclic runaway is experienced land into wind and not downwind in excess of 15 knots
Abnormal vibrations
- Rotor or drive train system issues
- Land as soon as possible
- Flights prohibited until cause of vibrations are found
Yellow FUEL FILTER Light
- Predetermined pressure differential across filter has been reached and impeding bypass condition exists
- Turn on start pump
- Continue flight
- Service fuel filter prior to next flight
- If any unusual engine indications take place land as soon as possible
- Flights prohibited until filter is serviced
Yellow FUEL LEVEL LOW Light
- Aprox 35 lbs fuel left 22 lbs usable
- Never use fuel level light as indication of low fuel
- Void large steady side slip angles and uncoordinated maneuvers
- 130 knots max
- Land as soon as possible
Battery over temp RED 160 DF Light
- Battery switch off
- Land as soon as possible
- Flights prohibited until battery is replaced and cause corrected
Battery over temp YELLOW 140 DF Light
- Battery switch off
- Must remain of for remainder of flight
- Light will go out once battery cools to below 140 DF
- Flights prohibited until battery inspected and cause corrected
Yellow GEN OUT Light
- Generator not operational
- Check Generator circuit breaker in
- Turn Generator switch off. Then on
- If light comes back on Pull Generator circuit breaker and switch GEN switch on for remainder of flight
- Generator switch must be in on position to allow Engine OUT/LOW Rotor audio warning to function
- Reduce electrical load to minimum
- Land as soon as practical
Yellow FILTER CLOGGED Light
- Certain conditions in flight might illuminate light only a steady light is a concern
- Filter bypass control handle Open
- SCAV AIR OFF
- Service particle separator prior to next flight
- Avoid corrosion on N1 do not fly in dirty or dusty air with filter bypass door open
