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YEAR 2 CSI > Emergency > Flashcards

Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

What approach is used in an emergency

A

ABCDE

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2
Q

What does ABCDE stand for

A

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure

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3
Q

SBAR approach

A

Communication

Situation, background, assessment, recommend

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4
Q

RSVP approach

A

Communication

Eason, story, vital signs, plan

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5
Q

Airway

A

Is airway secure (safe and patent) or compromised
- able to talk
- use of accessory muscles
- ab movements
- breathing noises
- central cyanosis

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6
Q

Action for blocked airway

A

Airway opening manoeuvres
Suction
Advanced airway interventions
Then give high conc o2

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7
Q

Breathing

A

Obtain o2 sats and resp rate
Feel trachea for deviation
Check calves for dvt

Do they smoke

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8
Q

Action for breathing problems

A

Depends on cause (adrenaline, chest drainage, bronchodilators)

Arterial blood gas analysis

Sit up

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9
Q

Circulation

A

Hypovolemia primary cause if circulatory failure

  • CRT
  • ECG (12 lead)
  • BP, HR, heart sounds
  • evidence of bleeding
  • limb tempt
  • colour of colour of hands
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10
Q

Action of circulatory failure

A

Fluid challenge
Replace blood

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11
Q

Action for anaphylaxis

A

Adrenaline

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12
Q

Action for pneumothorax

A

Chest drainage

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13
Q

Action for opioid overdose

A

Naloxone

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14
Q

Action for airway disease

A

Bronchodilators

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15
Q

Disability

A

Level of consciousness and neurological functioning

Take temp
Measure glucose
Neurological status assessment (acvpu or gcs)
Pupil size (pearl)

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16
Q

Acvpu

A

Alert
Confused
Responding to voice
Responding to pain
Unresponsive

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17
Q

GCS

A

Eye movement 4

Vocal 5

Motor 6

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18
Q

Action for disability

A

Analgesia
Specific action for provlem

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19
Q

Exposure

A

Examine head to toe and front to back

Respect dignity, minimise heat loss

Take full clinical history ad review

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20
Q

Symptom sieve

A

Broad categories for explaining a condition

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21
Q

Symptoms sieve used for patient with altered mental state

A

Primary neurological
Infection
Cardiorespiratory
GI
Metabolic/ endocrine
Toxins
Psychiatry

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22
Q

Normal RR

A

12-20

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23
Q

Normal o2

A

95+
(92-98)

Aim for 98 unless COPD pt aim for 94

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24
Q

Normal bp

A

120/80

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25
Q

Normal hr

A

60-100

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26
Q

Arterial blood gas gives info about

A

Co2

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27
Q

PEARL

A

pupils equal and responding to oight

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28
Q

Capillary refill shows

A

Peripheral tissue perfusion

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29
Q

Capillary refill time should be

A

Less than 2 seconds

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30
Q

Normal glucose

A

5-6

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31
Q

Action for low bp

A

Iv fluid

32
Q

4 types of circulatory shock

A

Hypovolemic
Obstructive
Distributive
Cardiogenic

33
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Loss of blood flow

34
Q

Obstructive shock

A

Physical obstruction to blood flow

35
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Ventricular failure

36
Q

Distributive shock

A

Vasodilation

37
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Consistent

38
Q

Causes of Hypovolemic shock

A

Blood loss
Internal bleeding (distended abdomen)
Dehydration (d&v)
Burns

39
Q

Causes of Cardiogenic shock

A

Myocardial infarction
Spasm
Cardiac rupture
Cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Causes of obstructive shock

A

Pericardial tamponade
Tension pneumothorax
Pulmonary embolism

41
Q

Causes of distributive shock

A

Anaphylaxis
Sepsis

42
Q

Signs of sepsis

A

Fever
Hypotension
Inc heart rate
Flushed
Tissue hypoperfusion
Altered mental state

43
Q

Sepsis diagnosis

A

4 stages, if suspected do sepsis 6

44
Q

Stage 1 sepsis diagnosis

A

SIRS - at least 1 of

Temp >38 <36
HR >90
RR >20 (Tachypnoea)
WBC >12 <4

45
Q

Stage 2 sepsis diagnosis

A

Evidence of infection (blood culture)

46
Q

Stage 3 sepsis diagnosis

A

Severe sepsis

Sepsis with evidence of organ dysfunction, hypotension or hypoperfusion
(Lactate or urine output)

47
Q

Stage 4 sepsis diagnosis

A

Septic shock

Severe sepsis with hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation

48
Q

Sepsis 6

A

Give o2
Take blood cultures
Give iv antibiotic
Give fluid challenge
Take lactate
Take urine output

49
Q

Fluid challenge

A

Give 250-500ml crystalline solution acccutely within 15 mins see if bp comes back up

50
Q

CRP produced by

A

Liver

Sign of inflammation

51
Q

Lactate sign of

A

Hypoperfusion

Vasodilation causes hypoperfusion not enough o2 to tissues so undergo anaerobic resp

52
Q

Neutrophillia sign of

A

Bacterial infection

53
Q

GGT test

A

Liver condition

54
Q

Pain in left iliac fossa likely due to

A

Sigmoid colon

In women, extreme torsion, infection of reproductive system

55
Q

Diverticulae

A

Singular outpouching due to inner most layer of digestive tract pushing through weak spots in outermost layer

56
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Severreal diverticuli

57
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticuli due to faeces

58
Q

Sepsis from diverticuli

A

Infection in diverticuli bursts and bacteria enters the bloodstream

59
Q

Symptoms of diverticulosis

A

Bloating
Abdominal cramps
Constipation

No obvious symptoms usually only diagnosed due to something else

60
Q

9 abdominopelvic regions

A

L and r hypochondriac, epigastric

L and r lumbar, umbilical

L and r iliac, hypogastric (pubic)

61
Q

Left hypochondriac

A

Left kidney
Pancreas

Parts of colon
Part of spleen
Part of stomach

62
Q

Epigastric

A

Majority of stomach

Parts of liver and pancreas
Part of duodenum
Part of spleen

Adrenal glands

63
Q

Right hypochondriac

A

R portion of liver

Gallbladder

Right kidney

Parts of small intestine

64
Q

Left lumbar

A

Descending colon
Left kidney
Part of spleen

65
Q

Umbilical

A

Umbilicus
Part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Transverse colon
Bottom portions of the kidneys

66
Q

Right lumbar

A

Gallbladder
Right kidney
Part of the spleen

67
Q

Right lumbar

A

Gallbladder
Right kidney
Part of the spleen

68
Q

Left iliac

A

Part of descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Left iliac fossa

69
Q

Hypogastric

A

Bladder
Parts of sigmoid colon
Snus
Uterus
Ovaries
Prostate

70
Q

Right iliac

A

Appendix
Caecum
Right iliac fossa

71
Q

Airway obstruction can lead to

A

Hypoxia

72
Q

GCS less than 8

A

Intubate

73
Q

Pain in right upper quadrant

A

Infection or inflammation of gallbladder and liver
Or peptic ulcers in stomach

74
Q

Pain in left upper quadrant

A

Malrotation of intestine and colon

75
Q

Right lower quadrant pain

A

Appendicitis

76
Q

Left lower quadrant pain

A

Colitis (inflammation of large intestine)
Pelvic inflammatory disease and ovarian cysts

77
Q

Where in the gut to diverticula most commonly form

A

Large colon to rectum

YEAR 2 CSI (2 decks)

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