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Med Surg 3 Exam 1 > Emergency > Flashcards

Emergency Flashcards

1
Q

Who can not have a medical screening

A

everyone can have a medical screening

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2
Q

what is EMTALA

A

emergency medical treatment and labor act

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3
Q

what is the focus in the emergency department

A

focus on life threatening problems and minimize the risk of missed injuries

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4
Q

what are some common reasons for seeking ED care

A

abdominal pain, breathing problems, fever, headache, injury (trauma, lacerations, fractures), falls, chest pain, alcohol/drug use

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5
Q

What is a quick, simple way to assess a patient in 10-15 seconds?

A

Ask the patient his or her name
Ask the patient what happened
By doing so you have just determined is the patient:
A Patent airway
B Sufficient air reserve to permit speech
C Sufficient perfusion
D Clear sensorium

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6
Q

what are the levels of a emergency severity index

A

1 - critical, 2- emergent, 3- urgent, 4 - non urgent, 5 - minor

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7
Q

what does SAMPLE stand for in history

A

symptoms, allergies, medication history, past health history, last meal/oral intake, events or enviormental factors leading to illness or injury

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8
Q

what are the physical signs of human trafficking

A

Headache, dizziness, back pain, missing patches of hair, burns, bruises, vaginal/rectal pain, jaw problems, and head injuries, Unusual tattooing or branding marks

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9
Q

what are the psychosocial signs of human trafficking

A

Stress, anxiety, depression, shame, fear, paranoia, suicidal ideation, self-loathing

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10
Q

what are some symptoms of heat exhaustion

A

headache, weakness, n/v, acute confusion

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11
Q

what is the treatment for heat exhaustion

A

stop physical activity, cooling measures, sports drinks, monitor vitals, rehydrate, labs

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12
Q

what are some symptoms of a heat stoke

A

mental status changes, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, high body temp, hot dry skin, elevated cardiac troponin

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13
Q

what is the treatment of a heat stroke

A

oxygen, ensure large bore IV, administer fluids, cooling blanket, rectal thermometer

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14
Q

what is the treatment for snake bites

A

rest, remove constrictive clothing/jewelry, mark area, monitor every 15 min, call poison control, ECG, monitor heart rhythms, give opioids, draw labs

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15
Q

what is the first aide tx for bee/wasp stings

A

remove jewelry and stinger, ABCs, epinephrine/antihistamines, apply ice packs

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16
Q

what is the first aide tx for black widow and scorpions bite

A

apply ice, ABCs, go to hosptial

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17
Q

what are the treatments for anthropod bites/stings

A

ice packs, may need antibiotics, measure

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18
Q

what is the med given for black widow bites

A

antivenin

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19
Q

what are the treatments for bites

A

clean, irrigate, and debridement, tetanus, antibiotics if 4-6 hours old, leave puncture wounds open, rabies

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20
Q

how are rabies vaccine administered

A

weight based dose, four injections on days 0,3,7, and 14

21
Q

what does a minor lighting injury present like

A

may appear stunned or confused

22
Q

what does a moderate lighting injury present like

A

may have confusion or be comatose

23
Q

what does a severe lighting injury present like

A

may result in cardiac arrest - dysrhythmias (vfib)

24
Q

what is the nursing care for a lighting injury

A

primary and secondary assessment, spinal stabilization, check respiratory/maintain airway, ECG, cover burns with sterile dry dressing, head ct, creatine kinase, tetanus

25
Q

what are the causes/risk factors for hypothermia

A

cold water immersion, illness/sepsis, traumatic injury, immobilization, environment and not dressed to it, older age, meds, substance abuse, malnutrition, hypothyroidism

26
Q

what are the ss of mild hypothermia

A

shivering, slurred speech, decreased muscle coordination, diuresis

27
Q

what are the ss of moderate hypothermia

A

muscle weakness, acute confusion/incoherence, decreased clotting

28
Q

what are the ss of severe hypothermia

A

decreased HR/RR/BP, cardiac dysrhythmias, decreased neuro reflexes , decreased pain responsiveness

29
Q

what are some interventions for hypothermia

A

shelter from cold, remove wet clothing, rewarm, warm high carb liquid like OJ***, supine, internal warming (warm fluids/o2/lavage)

30
Q

what can you do for severe hypothermia

A

extracorporeal rewarming - cardiopulmonary bypass or hemodialysis

31
Q

what is a grade 1 frostbite

A

hyperemia/edema

32
Q

what is grade 2 frostbite

A

large fluid-filled blister/partial thickness skin necrosis

33
Q

what is grade 3 frostbite

A

small blisters with dark fluid/cool, numb, blue or red body part, non-blanchable

34
Q

what is grade 4 frostbite

A

blistering, numb, cold, bloodless, necrosis into muscle and bone

35
Q

what kind of first aide can you do for frostbite

A

pbserve for early signs- white waxy skin, and use body heat to warm affected area

36
Q

what can you do in the hospital for frostbite

A

rapid rewarming, analgesics/opiates/rehydration, elevate body part, assess for compartment syndrome, tetanus, loss nonadhereing dressing, avoid compression, topical/systemic antibiotics, debridment and amputation may have to happen

37
Q

what is high altitude illness

A

occurs r/t exposure to low partial pressure of oxygen at high elevation

38
Q

what is the preventative medication for acute mountain sickness

A

acetazolamide

39
Q

what are some ss of acute mountain sickness

A

throbbing headache, anorexia, n/v, chills, irritability, apathy, feels like a hangover

40
Q

what are some ss of high altitude cerebral edema

A

Unable to perform ADL’s (acting drunk), Extreme Apathy, Ataxia (impaired coordination), Mental health changes, Cranial nerve dysfunction or seizure may occur

41
Q

what is the treatment for high altitude cerebral edema

A

Medical emergency, Descend, supplemental O2, Dexamethasone, Hyperbaric chambers

42
Q

what are the ss of high altitude pulmonary edema

A

Fatigue, weakness, Persistent dry cough, Cyanosis of lips and nailbeds , Tachycardia and tachypnea at rest
Crackles, Pink frothy sputum (late sign), Chest x-ray shows pulmonary infiltrates, ABG shows respiratory alkalosis/hypoxemia

43
Q

who is the hospital incident commander

A

person who triggers response plan and who calls it off

44
Q

what do the red, yellow, green and black mass casuality tags mean

A

Red: emergent/needs attention now
Yellow: urgent, but can wait a few minutes
Green: walking/wounded/non-urgent
Black: dying or dead

45
Q

what do you need to do in a hospital setting for fire reasponse

A

remove from danger, pull alarm, discontinue O2, maintain respiratory status, close all doors and windows, ABCs, extingsher

46
Q

what does SLUDGE stand for regarding posion/gas exposure

A

salvation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI upset, emesis

47
Q

what are some ways you can reduce absorption of poisoning

A

Activated charcoal within 1 hour of ingestion, Dermal cleansing, Eye irrigation, Gastric lavage

48
Q

what is the treatment for poisonings

A

Decrease absorption
Enhance elimination (Golytley q 4-6 hr)
Implement toxin specific intervention

49
Q

what is the treatment for poisonings

A

Decrease absorption
Enhance elimination (Golytley q 4-6 hr)
Implement toxin specific intervention

Med Surg 3 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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